大强度间歇训练与中等强度持续训练对耗氧量动力学特征影响的比较研究  

The Comparative Study of High-Intensity Interval Training and Moderate-intensity Continuous Training on the Oxygen Uptake Kinetics

作　　者：胡国鹏[1,2] 郑阳[3] 孟妍[4] 冯刚[4] 冯魏[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]华侨大学体育学院,福建泉州362021 [2]华侨大学体育与健康科学研究中心,福建泉州362021 [3]北京第二外国语学院体育部,北京100024 [4]国家体育总局秦皇岛训练基地,河北秦皇岛066004

出　　处：《体育科学》2017年第3期58-67,F0003,共11页China Sport Science

基　　金：华侨大学中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(13SKGCQT14);国家体育总局重点研究领域攻关课题(2012B067)

摘　　要：目的:比较大强度间歇训练(High-intensity Interval Training,HIT)和中等强度持续训练(Moderate-intensity Continuous Training,MCT)对斜坡测试(Ramp)、中等强度及高强度持续运动中耗氧量动力学(OUK,Oxygen Uptake Kinetics)等参数的影响。方法:36名青年男性受试者分为高强度间歇训练组(HIT)、中等强度持续训练组(MCT,)和对照组(NOT),MCT和HIT两干预组分别进行6周、每周3次强度不同而训练量相同的运动干预;各组干预前(Pre)、中(Mid)、后(Post)分别进行Ramp力竭测试及中、高强度持续运动的OUK测试。结果:6周干预后,HIT与MCT两干预组VO_2max/kg(最大耗氧量)、VO_2-VAT(通气无氧阈耗氧量)、VO_2/kg-VAT(通气无氧阈耗氧量相对值)、Waat-VAT(通气无氧阈功率)均表现为干预后值高于干预前(P<0.05)、干预中值(P<0.01);3组受试者之间上述参数组间差异显著(P<0.05),但仅表现HIT、MCT组与NOT组之间差异显著,HIT与MCT两组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);A_(slop)(Delta效率)、A_(OUES)(耗氧效率坡度)组间效应不显著(P>0.05)。中等强度下OUK各参数仅有τ(Tau,OUK时间常数)值组间效应显著(F=3.652,P=0.04<0.05),HIT与MCT两干预组分别与NOT之间组间效应显著(HIT vs NOT,P=0.027<0.05;MCT vs NOT,P=0.027<0.05),但HIT、MCT两干预组Mid、Post阶段,组间差异不显著(P>0.05),各组各时间点TD值、A值组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。大强度运动时A1(A,耗氧幅度)值组间效应显著(F=4.439,P=0.011<0.05),除了MCT及HIT分别与NOT组组间差异显著外,HIT与MCT之间差异显著(P<0.05),6周后HIT组A1值显著高于同阶段MCT组(1 893.9±132.1vs 1 632.3±340.0,P<0.05);而对于观测值τ_1,3组受试者之间组间效应显著(F=9.083,P<0.01),MIT及HIT组和NOT组相比,τ_1显著降低,并且MIT和HIT组间差异显著(P<0.05);3周后HIT组τ_1值已经显著高于NOT组(Mid:42.5±3.8 vs 53.7±4.3,P<0.01),而MCT在6周后出现(Post:43.1±4.6 vs 53.4±6.0,P<0.01)。3周后HIT组A2值比NOT组显著减低(P<0.Objective： The purpose of this study was to compare the effect on oxygen uptake kinet- ics between high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training. Methods： 36 subjects were divided into high intensity interval training group （HIT group）, moderate-inten- sity continuous training （MCT group, ） and the control group （NOT）. The subjects of MCT and HIT were trained respectively for 6 weeks, the four tests were performed before the intervention in the middle of it and after it, including the ramp incremental load exhaustive test （ramp）, and oxygen uptake kinetics of moderate intensity and high intensity continuous cycling. Results： After 6-week, the intervention showed higher post value than the mid and the pre of ＂VO2max/kg, VO2 - VAT, VO2 -VAT （P〈 0.05, P〈0.01 ）, Waat-VAT in HIT and MCT： There were significant differ-ence between the above parameters between three groups （P〈0.05）, but only between the HIT, MCT group with NOT group, no significant difference between HIT and MCT. There was no sig- nitieant differences in A slop and AOUES between three groups （P〉0.05）. Only τ（ Tau, OUE Time Constant, ） value showed significant difference between group effects （F=3.652 P=0.04〈 0.05）, in moderate-intensity OUK parameters, which was the two intervention groups of MCT and HIT with and control group respectively, but not in pre and med between HIT （P〉0.05） TD and A value, in each group at different stage between groups, had no significant difference （P〉0.05）. There was significant effect between groups on AI （A, oxygen consumption ampli- tude） value in high intensity exercise （F=4.439, P=0.011 〈 0.05 ）, not only between MCT and HIT with NOT groups, but also between HIT and MCT （P=0.011 〉 0.05）, A1 of HIT group was signif- icantly higher than the same period in MCT group （ 1893.9 ＋ 132.1 vs 1632.3 ＋ 340, P 〈 0.05） and for the τ1, after 6-week intervention, there were significant group effect （F= 9.083

关 键 词：间歇训练 持续训练 耗氧动力学 最大耗氧量 无氧阈 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]