灌溉方式对地表蒸发和梨果实发育的影响  

Effects of Irrigation Methods on Soil Surface Evaporation and Fruit Production of Pear

作　　者：程福厚[1] 张纪英[1] 陈敬谊[1] 郭冬兰[1] 孙宏勇[2] 

机构地区：[1]河北工程大学农学院,河北邯郸056001 [2]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心,石家庄050021

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2017年第4期80-84,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然基金"多尺度典型果树蒸腾耗水实验研究及尺度转换"(31370459);公益性行业(农业)科研专项"京津冀种植业高效用水可持续发展关键技术研究与示范"(201303133);河北省现代农业科技奖励性后补助资金项目"冀南梨;核桃需水规律及高效用水技术集成与示范后补助"(16927632H)

摘　　要：为了解决地面灌溉中灌溉水利用效率低、果实品质差的问题,于2013年在河北工程大学永年校区以5年生田间梨树为试材,研究不同地面灌溉方式对土壤水分含量、地表蒸发量、梨产量与品质的影响。4种地面灌溉方式包括沟灌、畦灌、覆草畦灌和覆草非灌溉。测定不同处理的土壤含水量、地表蒸发量和果实品质。结果表明,不同灌溉方式的土壤含水量差异显著,覆草畦灌和沟灌显著高于畦灌和覆草非灌溉处理。覆草畦灌和沟灌较畦灌可显著减少地表的蒸发量,覆草非灌溉、覆草畦灌、沟灌和畦灌3—8月的累积地表蒸发量分别是77.92、114.64、163.1、203.73 mm。沟灌的灌溉水利用效率为1.99 kg/m3,显著大于覆草畦灌和畦灌,分别提高了1.45、1.06 kg/m3。沟灌显著提高了果实的单果重、可溶性固形物含量、总糖含量和维生素C含量。综上,沟灌既能减少地表蒸发又能提高果实产量和品质,是当前较好的地面灌溉方式。In order to investigate the effects of different irrigation methods on water use efficiency and pear fruit quality,an experiment was conducted in a 5-year-old commercial pear orchard at Yongnian campus of Hebei University of Engineering in 2013.Four different surface irrigation methods including furrow irrigation （FI）,border irrigation （BI）,border irrigation covered with grass （BCI）,and no irrigation with grass covered （NCI） were applied.The soil moisture,soil evaporation and fruit quality were measured.The results showed that there were significant differences in soil water content under the different irrigation methods.The soil water content under BCI and FI were significantly higher than that under BI and NCI.The accumulative amount of soil evaporation under NCI,BCI,FI,and BI was 77.92,114.64,163.1,203.73 mm from March to August,respectively.The surface evaporation was notably reduced under BCI and FI treatments compared with that under BI.The water use efficiency under FI with a value of 1.99 kg/m^3 was significantly higher than that under BI and BCI treatments which was 1.45,1.06 kg/m^3,respectively.Meanwhile,fruit weight and fruit quality including soluble solids content,total soluble sugar and vitamin C content was significantly improved under FI.Overall,FI is an ideal surface irrigation method not only for water saving but also for fruit quality.

关 键 词：梨 畦灌 沟灌 地表蒸发 品质 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]