不同肥料运筹模式对江淮地区机插双季早稻产量的影响  

Effect of Different Fertilizer Application Modes on Double-season Early Rice Yield with Mechanical Transplanting in Jianghuai Region

作　　者：吴晨阳[1] 潘志军[1] 吕和平[1] 吴文革[2] 周兵[1] 吴小文[1] 陈刚[2] 张晓红[1] 尹玲[1] Wu Chenyang Pan Zhijun Lv Heping Wu Wenge Zhou Bing Wu Xiaowen Chen Gang Zhang Xiaohong Yin Ling(Lujiang Agricultural Technology Promotion Center, Lujiang Hefei 231500 Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031)

机构地区：[1]合肥市庐江县农业技术推广中心,合肥庐江231500 [2]安徽省农业科学院水稻研究所,合肥230031

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2017年第6期6-10,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划"江淮西部(安徽)水稻小麦丰产节水节肥技术集成与示范"(2013BAD07B08);公益性行业(农业)专项"主要农作物涝渍灾害防控关键技术研究与示范"(201203032);公益性行业(农业)专项"长江中下游稻麦(安徽)精确定量栽培技术研究与示范"(201303102);安徽省科技攻关计划项目"江淮稻麦丰产节肥技术集成与示范"(1501031075)

摘　　要：为探讨江淮地区机插双季早稻适宜的肥料运筹模式,以常规早稻品种‘浙辐203’为材料,在实地机插田间小区试验条件下,研究3种肥料运筹模式(当地农民常规习惯施肥、高产推荐施肥和控释复合肥施肥)对双季早稻产量构成、叶片SPAD值、叶面积指数、干物质重和茎蘖动态的影响。结果表明:3种施肥模式的平均实际产量达8201.7 kg/hm^2,且高产推荐施肥模式和控释复合肥施肥模式在每穴有效穗数、公顷有效穗数、理论产量上均显著大于当地农民常规习惯施肥模式,在千粒重上均显著小于当地农民常规习惯施肥模式。高产推荐施肥模式可改善双季早稻机插的群体结构,在获得适宜穗数的基础上减少无效分蘖,提高成穗率,并减缓生育后期叶面积指数的下降速率,促进生育中、后期主要器官内干物质的积累与转运,提高水稻群体的光合速率,增加群体生物学总量而达到增产。高产推荐施肥模式可作为江淮地区机插双季早稻获得高产的适宜施肥技术模式,对控释复合肥施肥模式进行工艺改进,也可有望成为该地区机插双季早稻高产的一种技术选择。In order to study the suitable fertilizer application mode of double- season early rice withmechanical transplanting in Jianghuai Region, a split plot experiment in field was conducted to investigate theeffect of three fertilizer application modes（local farmer conventional fertilization, the high-yielding fertilizationand controlled release fertilizer fertilization） on yield components, blade SPAD value, leaf area index（LAI）, dryweight and tiller dynamic of early rice‘Zhefu 203＇. The results showed that the average real yield of the threefertilizer modes reached 8201.7 kg/hm2, and the productive ear per hole, productive ear per hectare andtheoretical yield of the high-yielding fertilization and controlled release fertilizer fertilization were significantlyhigher than that of local farmer conventional fertilization, while the thousand grain weight was significantlylower than that of local farmer conventional fertilization. The high-yielding fertilization mode could improvethe population structure of mechanized transplanted early rice, reduce the ineffective tillers based onappropriate panicles, increase ear-bearing tiller percentage, slow down the decline rate of LAI in late growth,promote the dry matter accumulation and transportation in major organs in middle and late growth stage,improve the photosynthetic rate of rice population, increase the total population biology and thus increase highproduction. The high- yielding fertilization mode could be used as an appropriate fertilization mode ofmechanical transplanted double- season early rice in Jianghuai Region, and the improvement of controlledrelease fertilizer fertilization mode could also become a choice.

关 键 词：双季早稻 肥料运筹 机插 产量 江淮地区 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]