播期对大豆生长状况及产量的影响  

Effect of Sowing Date on Soybean Growth and Yield

作　　者：张志国[1] 高峰[2] 高永刚[1] 杨晓强[1] 刘丹[1] 王晾晾[1] 孙守军[1] 朱建华[1] Zhang Zhiguo Gao Feng Gao Yonggang Yang Xiaoqiang Liu Dan Wang Liangliang Sun Shoujun Zhu Jianhua(Heilongjiang Institute of Meteorological Science, Harbin 150030 Heilongjiang Atmospheric Sounding Technology Centre, Harbin 150030)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省气象科学研究所,哈尔滨150030 [2]黑龙江省大气探测技术保障中心,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2017年第7期22-26,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：中国气象局气候变化专项"气候变化对中国两大主产区粮食安全影响评估及应对策略"(CCSF201606);中国气象局预报预测核心业务发展专项"农作物生长全程气象动态评估技术集成"(CMAHX20160205);黑龙江省气象局项目"玉米;大豆分期播种试验及对其生产影响分析"(HQZC2015013)

摘　　要：了解不同播期对大豆生长状况及产量的影响,对寻求适宜播期及优质高效生产有重要意义。以黑龙江省哈尔滨市大豆主栽品种为试验材料,通过3个播期处理(S1为5月1日,S_2为5月10日,S_3为5月21日),研究不同播期条件下大豆生长状况及产量的变化规律。结果表明:S_1、S_2处理生育期日数延长;S_1、S_2处理在鼓粒期—成熟期干物质积累与分配及生长率明显高于S_3处理,干物质积累向果实转移量增大,其产量分别增加230.6、317.7 kg/hm^2;S2处理在3个处理中最优,水热等气候资源利用程度高。哈尔滨市大豆适宜播期为5月8—10日,但适播期应考虑春季土壤水分或春季首场透雨,促进大豆生长发育,显著提高产量。To understand the effect of different sowing dates on the growth and yield of soybean is important forseeking suitable sowing date, improving quality and achieving efficient production. The main soybean cultivarin Harbin, Heilongjiang was used as test material, and three sowing date treatments（S1was May 1st, S2 was May10thand S3 was May 21st） were conducted to study soybean growth and yield under different sowing dates. Theresults showed that the growth duration of S1 and S2 treatment was lengthened, dry matter accumulation andallocation and growth rate of S1 and S2 treatment were significantly higher than that of S3 treatment during seedfilling period to mature period, transfer amount of dry matter accumulation to fruit was increased, the yieldincreased by 230.6 and 317.7 kg/hm^2, respectively; S2 was the optimum among the three treatments, theutilization degree of climate resources such as water and heat was higher. The suitable sowing date of soybeanwas May 8thto May 10 thin Harbin, but soil moisture or the first saturating rain in spring should be consideredfor the optimum sowing date, to promote soybean growth and development and improve the yield.

关 键 词：播期 大豆 生长状况 产量 

分 类 号：S565.406[农业科学—作物学]