施氮量和施氮时期对酿酒糯高粱产量和品质的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Application Rate and Period on Yield and Quality of Winemaking Glutinous Sorghum

作　　者：刘天朋 丁国祥 倪先林 汪小楷 龙文靖 赵甘霖 Liu Tianpeng Ding Guoxiang Ni Xianlin Wang Xiaokai Long Wenjing Zhao Ganlin(Rice and Sorghum Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Luzhou Sub-center of National Sorghum Improvement Center, Luzhou Sichuan 64600)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学研究院水稻高粱研究所/国家高粱改良中心泸州分中心,四川泸州646000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2017年第9期22-26,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：四川省财政能力提升工程项目"酿酒高粱高淀粉糯质材料创制与突破性新品种选育"(2016ZYPZ-035);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划"酿酒专用高粱高产高效种植关键技术研究"(2014BAD07B02-3-1);国家高粱产业技术体系"酿酒(糯)用高粱新品种选育"(nycyts12-01-04-02)

摘　　要：为了探明糯高粱产量与品质协同提高的最佳施氮量和施氮时期,制定合理的栽培措施,为实现高产优质提供理论依据,笔者以西南地区主要推广品种‘泸糯8号’和‘泸州红1号’为试验材料,在大田条件下设3个施氮水平(N 75、120、165 kg/hm^2,P 75 kg/hm^2,K 112.5 kg/hm^2)和4个施氮时期(返青肥:拔节肥:穗肥)为0.2:0.2:0.6、0.2:0.6:0.2、0.3:0.7:0、0.6:0.2:0.2,研究了施氮量和施氮时期对酿酒糯高粱子粒产量与品质的影响。结果表明:在施氮N 75~120 kg/hm^2范围内,籽粒产量随施氮量的增加而显著增加,施氮量超过N 120 kg/hm^2,籽粒产量随施氮量的增加而增加不显著。施氮时期方面,2个品种的产量均以返青肥:拔节肥:穗肥处理为0.2:0.6:0.2时最高,‘泸糯8号’达8005.5 kg/hm^2,‘泸州红1号’达6421.1 kg/hm^2,但4种施氮时期间差异均不显著。粗蛋白随施氮量增加而显著增加。粗淀粉随施氮量的增加先增加后减少,在N 120 kg/hm^2时达最高。施氮时期对单宁达极显著差异水平,对其余4个品质指标差异不显著。在本试验条件下,实现酿酒糯高粱高产与优质的适宜施氮量为N 120 kg/hm^2,施氮时期为返青肥:拔节肥:穗肥为0.2:0.6:0.2。To study the optimal nitrogen application rate and period for synergistic improvement of yield and quality of glutinous sorghum,make reasonable cultivation measures and provide theoretical basis for high yield and quality,main varieties in southwest region including‘Lumuo 8’and‘Luzhou Red 1’were used as experimental material,three application levels of nitrogen（N 75,120,165 kg/hm^2,P 75 kg/hm^2and K 112.5 kg/hm^2）and four nitrogen application periods（turning green fertilizer：jointing fertilizer：panicle fertilizer of 0.2：0.2：0.6,0.2：0.6：0.2,0.3：0.7：0 and 0.6：0.2：0.2）were designed to study the effect of nitrogen application rate and period on yield and quality of winemaking glutinous sorghum in field conditions.The results showed that in the range of nitrogen fertilization 75-120 kg/hm^2,grain yield increased significantly with the increase of N application rate,the increase was not significant when N application rate was more than120 kg/hm^2.The yield of the two varieties reached the highest with the treatment of 0.2：0.6：0.2‘,Lumuo 8’was8005.5 kg/hm^2and‘Luzhou Red 1’was 6421.1 kg/hm^2,but the difference was not significant,the crude protein content increased significantly with the increase of N application rate.While crude starch first increased then decreased with the increase of N application rate,and reached the highest at 120 kg/hm^2N application rate.Nitrogen application period and tannin content had highly significant difference,but it was not significant to the other 4 quality indexes.Under this experiment condition,the optimal N application rate was120 kg/hm^2and application period for the green fertilizer：jointing fertilizer：panicle fertilizer was 0.2：0.6：0.2.

关 键 词：施氮量 施氮时期 糯高粱 产量和品质 

分 类 号：S318[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]