不同贮藏年限敖汉苜蓿种子活力及生理特性的研究  

Study on Viability and Physiological Characteristics of Aohan Alfalfa Seeds with Different Storage Time

作　　者：陈玲玲[1,2] 程航[1] 张阳阳[1] 张晔[1] 王思琪[1] 毛培胜[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学草业科学系草业科学北京市重点实验室,北京100193 [2]赤峰市农牧科学研究院草原研究所,内蒙古赤峰024031

出　　处：《种子》2017年第3期23-27,32,共6页Seed

基　　金：现代牧草产业技术体系(CARS-35)资助

摘　　要：种子在贮藏过程中随着贮藏时间的延长出现老化现象,使种子活力下降、生理特性发生变化,从而降低种用价值。为探讨不同贮藏年限紫花苜蓿种子的活力变化,选择室温贮藏0~3年的敖汉苜蓿种子,比较分析种子劣变规律及生理特性的差异。结果表明:收获当年的敖汉苜蓿种子具有较高的硬实率,其抗逆性强,SOD、POD、CAT、MDA和脯氨酸含量最高,而发芽势和可溶性蛋白含量最低。贮藏起初2年,种子硬实率、不正常种苗数、死种子数、SOD、POD、CAT、MDA和脯氨酸含量降低,发芽率、发芽势和可溶性蛋白含量增加。随着贮藏时间的延长,种子可溶性蛋白含量降低,SOD、POD、CAT、脯氨酸和MDA积累量增加,种子质量下降,不正常种苗数和死种子数增多,种子活力下降。综合试验结果,贮藏2年有利于打破种子休眠,其种子质量最佳,种子发芽能力最强,但是种子抗逆性不高;贮藏1年存在轻度休眠,应进行打破硬实处理;贮藏3年的种子活力下降,其种用价值降低,不利于在人工草地建植中使用,生产中应贮藏2年后再播种效果较好。研究结果能较好地说明苜蓿种子在贮藏期间的活力变化,为我国人工草地建设中合理使用苜蓿种子提供理论依据。Storage of alfalfa seeds affects their qualitative traits.During the storage,seed vigor decreased and physiological characteristics changed with the extension of storage time.To investigate the effect of storage time on viability and physiological characteristics of alfalfa（Medicago sativa L.）seeds,alfalfa seeds cv Aohan with 0-3storage years were evaluated.The significant increase of germination potential and the content of soluble protein were observed at one and two year storage periods.The number of hard seeds,abnormal seedlings and dead seeds,activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD）,peroxidase（POD）,catalase（CAT）,and the content of malonaldehyde（MDA）and proline were decreased significantly after storage for two years at room temperature.After three-year period,the germination percentage,germination potential and the content of soluble protein were decreased significantly,and the number of abnormal seedlings and dead seeds,activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD）,peroxidase（POD）,catalase（CAT）,and the content of malonaldehyde（MDA）and proline were increased significantly.It is concluded that the hard seed content is a very important parameter connected with changes of seed viability during storage period.Seeds stored for 0year had higher hard seed content and viability;seeds stored for 1year were still existence higher hard seed rate;seeds stored for 2years had the higher seed quality;seeds stored for 3years started to lose their viability.Therefore,alfalfa seeds with 2storage years can be used in production.

关 键 词：紫花苜蓿 贮藏 种子生活力 抗氧酶活性 

分 类 号：S551.7[农业科学—作物学]