不同增温处理对伊犁甜樱桃露地栽培越冬能力的影响  

Effects of Different Warming Treatments on Overwintering Ability of Ili Sweet Cherry Cultivation

作　　者：王秀梅[1] 张云[1] 秦景逸 马玉梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《北方园艺》2017年第6期35-39,共5页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家林业公益性行业科研专项资助项目(201304714)

摘　　要：对2年生甜樱桃幼树的主干进行了8种增温防护处理,经自然越冬后统计冻害情况,以期探究不同防护处理对甜樱桃(Prunus avium L.)幼树越冬能力的影响。结果表明:培土+草帘子与培土处理可有效减轻甜樱桃幼树冻害的程度,主干树皮裂口、主、枝干韧皮部褐变防寒等级均为Ⅰ级,新梢枝条萌芽率呈极显著差异,与CK相比分别提高30.16%、26.11%,其中培土+草帘子处理的芽褐变率最低,仅为12%;草帘子、培土+毛毡处理的主干树皮裂口防寒等级为Ⅰ级,其韧皮部褐变均为Ⅱ级,新梢枝条萌芽率呈显著差异;塑料薄膜、毛毡、涂白剂、石灰水处理防护效果不理想,各形态指标冻害较为严重。试验表明,培土+草帘子处理下的甜樱桃幼树越冬能力最强,培土处理表现出防护效果次之,二者处理下可有效提高甜樱桃幼树的越冬能力,适宜在实际生产中应用推广。To explore the effect of different protective treatment on winter hardiness of young sweet cherry cultivation,8protective methods were used which could warm the trunk of 2-year-old sweet cherry trees,and then got a quick statistic about frozen injury after overwintering.The results showed that earth up＋straw cover and earth up could alleviate the freezing damage effectively,the browning cold degree was the class I for the bark chinks of the trunk and phloem browning of branches,it respectively increased 30.16%,26.11%than CK,the germination rate of newborn branches was very significantly different,but the lowest rate of phloem browning was only 12%for earth up＋straw cover among them;the browning cold degree for the bark chinks of the trunk about straw cover,earth up＋felt were the class I,phloem browning just for classⅡ,it was significantly different for the germination rate of newborn branches;rest of them were all undesirable,such as plastic film,felt,coated white agent,lime water,the morphological indexes of frozen damage was more serious.The study showed that earth up＋straw cover was better than earth up,but both of them could effectively improve the winter hardiness of young sweet cherry cultivation,it could be an applicative measure applicated in production.

关 键 词：甜樱桃 保温措施 冻害指数 防寒等级 

分 类 号：S662.5[农业科学—果树学]