监察委员会与“八二宪法”体制的重塑  

The Supervisory Commission and the Reshaping of the Current Constitutional System in China

作　　者：翟志勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学法学院

出　　处：《环球法律评论》2017年第2期105-114,共10页Global Law Review

摘　　要：监察体制改革是事关全局的重大政治体制改革,涉及到"八二宪法"的大量修改,由此可能造成"八二宪法"体制的重塑。"八二宪法"体制的核心政治原则是"党的领导、人民当家做主与依法治国的有机统一",但这一核心政治原则在宪法上并未充分法权化,这是监察体制改革的宪制背景和基础。"八二宪法"第三章"国家机构"中的中央国家机构实际上分为两类:一类是党和国家一体化的国家主席和中央军事委员会,由全国人民代表大会产生,但不对其负责和报告工作;另一类是党和国家非一体化的"一府两院",由全国人民代表大会产生,对其负责并报告工作。党的纪律检查委员会与监察委员会合署办公使得监察委员会同时具有这两类国家机构的属性,既是党和国家一体化的,又对全国人民代表大会负责和报告工作。监察委员会的监察权最终来源于人民的赋权,同时又要坚持党的统一领导。因此,监察委员会的设立使得作为政治原则的"党的领导、人民当家做主和依法治国的有机统一"得以一定程度的法权化。The reform of the supervisory system in China is a major political reform that involves the amendment of the 1982 Constitution and may lead to the reshaping of the constitu- tional system. The core political principle of the current constitutional system in China, which is based on the 1982 Constitution, is the organic unity of CPC＇ s leadership, popular sovereign- ty and the rule of law. However, this core political principle is not fully legalized in the Consti- tution, which is the constitutional background and foundation of the reform of the supervisory system. The central state institutions provided for in Chapter III of the 1982 Constitution can be divided into two categories： one consists of the President of the State and the Central Military Commission, which are both Party institutions and state institutions. They are elected by the National People＇ s Congress （NPC） , but not？ responsible or report their work to the NPC. The other one consists of the State Council, the Supreme People＇ s Court and the Supreme People＇ s Procuratorate, which are state institutions but not Party institutions. They are elected by the NPC, and？ responsible and reports their work to the NPC. The Commission for Discipline In- spection and the Supervisory Commission are one government body with two names, so the Su- pervisory Commission has the dual attributes of both a CPC organ and a state organ. The Super- visory power of the Commission ultimately comes from the empowerment by the people. The Commission is responsible and reports its work to the NPC, but at the same time it is under the Party＇ s leadership. Therefore, the establishment of the Supervisory Commission has to a certain extent legalized the political principle of the organic unity of CPC＇ s leadership, popular sovereignty and the rule of law.

关 键 词：合署办公 监察委员会 党的领导 人民当家做主 依法治国 

分 类 号：D922.11[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]