市场化进程中的劳动者社群网络与企业效率  

Community Networks in the Labor Market and Enterprises' Productivity in the Marketization Process

作　　者：左翔[1] 李辉文[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海对外经贸大学国际经贸学院、区域与产业发展研究中心,201620

出　　处：《经济研究》2017年第3期106-121,共16页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目(项目批准号:15YJC790165)的资助;国家社科基金一般项目“市场化进程中社群网络与经济绩效研究”(项目号批准号:16BJL020)的资助

摘　　要：中国劳动力市场上,基于血缘、地缘和共同经历为纽带构成的"社群网络"既有信息传递和实现可置信承诺的积极作用,也不可避免地容易出现"裙带关系"和分割市场的负面影响。本文利用CGSS2008构造了劳动力市场上地区层面的社群网络强度指标,并将其与樊纲市场化指数、规模以上工业企业数据库等数据集匹配,考察了它在不同市场化水平下对企业效率的影响。结果发现,在市场化程度较低的阶段,"社群网络"表现为对企业绩效的正面作用,而随着市场化进程的提高,其正面作用不断削减,负面影响逐步凸显,最终会显著降低企业的生产率。如果将"社群网络"的功能区分为"传递信息"和"推荐工作",本文发现"推荐工作"的上述影响更为显著。Summary： In developing countries, community networks based on strong interpersonal ties such as kinship, geographical proximity and common educational or vocational experience play an important role in the labor market. Traditionally, these networks are linked to nepotism, rent seeking, corruption and market segmentation. However, recent research posits that they can also act as supplements for formal price mechanisms. When recruiting information is shared within a community, recommendations help employers find employees more efficiently. Contracts even become self-enforcing when multilateral reputation mechanisms make commitments credible. Many of the current studies have two limitations. First, most use household data to examine the effect of community networks on an individual＇s employment and income. However, under imperfect institutions, higher individual income may result from nepotism, which does not necessarily improve the efficiency of labor resource allocation. Second, the current research draws different （oppositional） conclusions. The best explanation for this is that the transactional efficiency of community networks depends on the cost of anonymous transactions, which differ among countries with varying degrees of marketization. We explore the role of community networks in labor resource allocation using an enterprise＇s productivity as the dependent variable. First, we construct a regional level index of community networks using the Chinese General Social Survey （2008） , which is then matched to Fan＇s marketization index. Second, the matched data are used to identify the effects of community networks on an enterprise＇s total factor productivity （TFP） in regions with disparate degrees of marketization. The results show that although community networks have a significant positive effect on an enterprise＇s TFP in areas with a low degree of marketization, the effect decreases with a higher degree of marketization. When two channels of effects （information transmission and recom

关 键 词：社群网络 市场化进程 企业效率 

分 类 号：C912.3[经济管理] F272.5[社会学]