综合改良对农田栽参土壤微生态环境的改善研究  

Soil improvement promoted micro-ecology of farmlands for ginseng cultivation

作　　者：徐江[1] 董林林[1] 王瑞[1] 牛玮浩 张乃嘦 藤原直树 沈亮[1] 李西文[1] 陈士林[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中药研究所,北京100700 [2]盛实百草药业有限公司,北京100062 [3]日本国株式会社津村

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2017年第5期875-881,共7页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81403053);中国中医科学院中药研究所自主选题项目(ZZ2014028;ZZ2014059)

摘　　要：该文研究综合改良措施对农田栽参土壤微生态环境的影响,建立农田土壤改良的标准流程,以保证农田栽参的顺利开展。研究采用土壤消毒、绿肥回田和施肥改土相结合处理传统农田,通过观测土壤的理化性状、细菌群落多样性及人参生长指标等因素,发现综合改良措施可显著增加0~30 cm土层有机质含量,降低土壤容重,增加0~20 cm土壤营养元素含量,改变土壤细菌群落的多样性及组成,提高农田参苗存苗率,促进了人参生长。该研究表明土壤消毒、绿肥回田结合施肥改土的综合措施可有效改善农田土壤微生态环境,为农田栽参顺利开展提供参考。This study has revealed the change of the soil micro-ecology of farmlands, which used for ginseng cultivation, brought by comprehensive soil improvement. The process of soil improvement was described as follows ： soil was sterilized using triehloronitromethane, and then perilla seeds were planted. After growing up, the perillas were turned over into the field and fermented, then organic fertilizer was added. Rotary tillages were carried out during the intervals. Physical and chemical properties of treated soil were measured, as well as microbial diversity, which was illustrated using 16s high through-put sequencing. The survival rate and growth data of gin- seng seedlings were recorded. The analysis showed that after improvement, the soil organic matter content was increased and soil bulk density was decreased, compare to the controls, and the fertility in 0-20 cm of soil layer was increased in the treatment. Additionally, the soil microbial diversity was changed greatly. In detail, alpha diversity of the soil decreased after soil improvement while the beta di- versity increased. In order to verify the achievement of soil improvement, ginseng seedlings were planted. Compared to the untreated land blocks, the survival rate of ginseng on improved blocks was increased up to 21.4% , and the ginseng physiological index were all better than the controls. Results showed that comprehensive soil improvements including soil sterilization, green manure planting and organic fertilization application effectively improved the soil micro-ecology in farmlands. This study will pave the way for the future standardization of ginseng cultivation on farmlands.

关 键 词：农田栽参 综合改良措施 微生态 土壤消毒 绿肥回田。 

分 类 号：S567.51[农业科学—中草药栽培]