美国VOCs定义演变历程对我国VOCs环境管控的启示  

Evolution of the Definition of Volatile Organic Compounds in the United States and Its Implications for China

作　　者：杨一鸣[1,2,3] 崔积山[1] 童莉[4] 周学双 牛皓[1,6] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部环境工程评估中心,北京100012 [2]中国海洋石油总公司,北京100010 [3]北京工业大学环境与能源学院,北京100124 [4]中华人民共和国环境保护部,北京100035 [5]海南省生态环境保护厅,海南海口570203 [6]中国石油集团安全环保技术研究院,北京102206

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2017年第3期368-379,共12页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：环境保护部财政预算项目(2110301)

摘　　要：挥发性有机物(VOCs)管控已成为现阶段我国大气环境领域的工作重点,而我国尚未明确环保管理工作中的VOCs国家定义.美国是第一个立法管控VOCs的国家,应用历史回顾的分析方法,将美国VOCs定义划分为前VOCs阶段、挥发性定义阶段和反应性定义阶段,并从各阶段大气污染的科学认识、VOCs反应性的科学认识及管控政策以及定义和内涵三方面系统地描述了VOCs定义的演变历程,深刻揭示出各阶段定义的出现均与该阶段大气污染的科学知识、反应性认识及管控政策密切相关,大气污染的科学知识和反应性认识是管控政策的理论基础,而VOCs定义则是管控政策的集中体现.其中,反应性定义是美国VOCs定义的第三个阶段,也是VOCs反应性研究最为深入的阶段,对其进行了重点解读,并对美国VOCs定义的修订趋势进行了预测.最后,结合我国VOCs管控现状,建议现阶段我国国家环境管理采用反应性定义,采用豁免政策为基础的美国VOCs定义并进行修正:保留乙烷作为基准化合物,舍弃KOH(羟基自由基反应速率常数)值,选用MIR(最大增量活性指标)值作为豁免基准指标,在美国现有的豁免物质名单的基础上进行修订并颁布我国的豁免物质名单.基于国家统一的反应性定义,可进一步完善我国VOCs反应性管控政策、完善固定源VOCs监测方法,统一VOCs表征方式、完善VOCs排放清单以及治理技术数据库,进而逐步建立和完善我国VOCs反应性管控体系.Although the management and control of Volatile Organic Compounds（VOCs） pollution has become a focus in the field of atmospheric environment in China,there is no official definition of VOCs in China yet. The United States（US） was the first country to introduce legislation to control VOCs. In this paper, the historical literatures and cases on the control of VOCs in the US were reviewed and the 3-stage evolution of the VOCs definition in the US was identified： the pre-VOCs stage,the volatility-based stage and the reactivity-based stage. Furthermore, this papersystematically analyzes the evolution of the VOCs definition and classification with respect to the scientific understanding of air pollution and VOCs reactivity,the VOCs control policy,and the definition and connotation of VOCs covering the 3 stages above. The findings revealed that the evolution of the VOCs definition at different stages related closely to the scientific understanding of air pollution and VOCs reactivity,as well as the VOCs control policy at the corresponding stages. The scientific understanding of air pollution and VOCs reactivity is the theoretical basis of control policy,while the definitions of VOCs reflect the control policies accordingly. With the most concentrated and in-depth study on the reactivity of VOCs in the US came the reactivity-based definition of VOCs as the 3rdstage and thus the transformation trend of the VOCs definition was predicted in this paper. Finally,combined with the existing management and control of VOCs in China,the reactivity-based definition of VOCs was proposed for the China national environment management. The exemption policy-based definition of VOCs in the US was also proposed for use and revision： use ethane as the reference compound; abandon the use of KOH（the reaction rate constant with the hydroxyl radical）; employ the use of MIR（Maximum Incremental Reactivity） as the benchmark index for exemption; develop and issue China＇s substance exemption list by studying and revising the c

关 键 词：挥发性有机物 管控 定义 历程 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]