基于InVEST模型的官厅水库流域产水和水质净化服务时空变化  

Spatiotemporal Variations of Water Yield and Water Quality Purification Service Functions in Guanting Reservoir Basin based on InVEST Model

作　　者：吴瑞[1,2] 刘桂环[2] 文一惠[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]环境保护部环境规划院,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2017年第3期406-414,共9页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51379084)

摘　　要：官厅水库是北京市及其周边地区重要的水源地之一,曾因水质污染严重而被迫退出北京市饮用水供应系统,经过全面治理后于2007年恢复成为北京市备用水源地.为了从整体上定量分析官厅水库流域生态系统的产水和水质净化服务,基于InVEST模型,选择官厅水库退出北京市饮用水供应系统和恢复成为北京市备用水源地为时间节点,定量评估1995—2010年官厅水库流域生态系统的产水量和TN、TP输出量,分析其产水服务和水质净化服务的时空变化.结果表明:1995—2010年,官厅水库流域产水服务表现为先减弱后增强,但整体呈减弱趋势,流域产水量由1995年的18.85×10~8m^3降至2010年的14.33×10~8m^3,产水服务减弱24.0%.水质净化服务表现为先减弱后增强,但整体呈增强趋势,流域的TN、TP输出量分别由1995年的4 028.7、379.7 t降至2010年的3 611.4和354.0 t,TN、TP净化服务分别增强10.4%和6.8%.研究显示,气候变化和土地利用变化是导致官厅水库流域产水服务发生改变的主要原因,不同时期的水资源保护政策导向也与水质净化服务变化趋势相吻合.Guanting Reservoir（GR） is one of the most important water sources in both Beijing and its neighboring regions. Because of water pollution,it was once withdrawn from the local drinking water supply system. After thorough treatment,GR has been a spare water source since 2007. In order to do a quantitative,overall analysis of the services of both water yield and water purification in GR basin,two time points were selected： when GR was withdrawn from the local drinking water supply system and when it became the spare water source. The quantities of water yield,total nitrogen and total phosphorus outputs were evaluated during 1995 to 2010 based on the InVEST model.Besides,the spatiotemporal variations of the water yield service and water quality purification service in GR basin were analyzed. The results showed that the water yield service in GR basin from 1995 to 2010 was weakened at first and then increased,but overall it was weakened. Water yield capacity in the basin decreased from 18. 85 × 10^8m^3 in 1995 to 14. 33 × 10^8m^3 in 2010（a decrease of 24. 0%）.Water quality purification service was weakened at first and then enhanced,and overall it was enhanced. The total nitrogen output decreased from 4028. 7 t（in 1995） to 3611. 4 t（in 2010） while the total phosphorus decreased from 379. 7 t（in 1995） to 354. 0 t（in2010）. Nitrogen and phosphorus purification services were enhanced by 10. 4% and 6. 8%,respectively. The changes to the climate and land use were the main factors which led to the changes of water yield service in GR basin. In addition,water resource protectionoriented policies in different periods have matched the variation trend of water quality purification service.

关 键 词：官厅水库流域 InVEST模型 时空变化 水质净化 产水量 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]