极端寡照天气对设施番茄光合特性及抗氧化酶活性的影响  

Effects of Extreme Sparse Sunlight on Photosynthesis Characteristics and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Tomato in Greenhouse

作　　者：张继波[1] 陈辰[1] 李楠[1] 李鸿怡[1] 薛晓萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东省气候中心,山东济南250031

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2017年第3期64-68,共5页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省2013年度农业重大应用技术创新项目"新型双屋面日光温室及高效种植模式研究"

摘　　要：利用2015年11月济南市温室内、外气象资料,分析了11月份极端寡照天气的构成分布及温室内的小气候特征,研究11月份晴天、雾霾、阴雨(雪)3种天气类型对温室内番茄光合特性、叶片SOD和CAT活性以及MDA和可溶性蛋白含量的影响。结果表明:严重雾霾及阴雨(雪)天气均会形成寡照,使温室内光照强度显著降低,气温不同程度下降。其中,阴雨(雪)天气形成的寡照使得温室内气温降幅更大。雾霾和阴雨(雪)天气时,番茄叶片最大光合速率、表观量子效率及光饱和点均显著低于晴天,而光补偿点则显著高于晴天,番茄叶片SOD活性及MDA含量均显著高于晴天,CAT活性及可溶性蛋白含量显著低于晴天,温室内光照越弱、气温越低,番茄叶片超氧自由基的抗氧化能力越弱,细胞膜系统结构与功能受到伤害越大,叶片更易衰老,叶片光合能力越弱。该研究结果为北方雾霾及阴雨(雪)天气发生时进行温室蔬菜科学管理及农业气象服务提供依据。The meteorological data of inside and outside greenhouse in November 2015 were selected to analyze the distribution of extreme sparse sunlight and characteristics of greenhouse microclimate.And the changes of photosynthesis characteristics,activities of antioxidant enzymes（SOD,CAT）,MDA and soluble protein contents of tomato were studied in sunny,foggy and rainy（snowy） days.The results showed that sparse sunlight could be formed in severe foggy and rainy（snowy） days.The light intensity in greenhouse could be significantly reduced and the temperature declined in different degrees,especially in rainy（snowy）day.The maximum photosynthetic rate,light saturation point,apparent quantum efficiency,CAT activity and soluble protein content of tomato leaves in foggy and rainy（snowy） days were significantly lower than those in sunny day.However,the light compensation point,SOD activity and MDA content in foggy and rainy（snowy） days were significantly higher than those in sunny day.The low light intensity and temperature in greenhouse could make the oxidation resistance of super oxygen free radicals weaker,the structure and function of cell membrane system be hurt heavier,the leaves more likely to aging and the photosynthetic capacity weaker.These results could provide scientific bases for management of greenhouse vegetables and agricultural meteorological service in foggy and rainy（snowy） days in northern China.

关 键 词：寡照 设施 番茄 光合特性 酶活性 

分 类 号：S641.201[农业科学—蔬菜学]