输血患者不良反应的临床特点及其相关影响因素分析  

Investigation of the clinical features and influencing factors of adverse transfusion reactions

作　　者：梅礼军[1,2] 陈葳[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学第一附属医院检验科,陕西西安710061 [2]陕西省安康市中心医院输血科,陕西安康725000

出　　处：《国外医学（医学地理分册）》2017年第1期45-47,51,共4页Foreign Medical Sciences：Section of Medgeography

摘　　要：目的分析输血患者发生不良反应的临床特点,并对可能引起输血不良反应发生的相关因素进行探讨。方法2015年1月—2015年12月,安康市中心医院各临床科室3 127例输血患者为研究对象,对出现输血不良反应患者的输血类型、临床特点以及可能导致发生输血不良反应的相关因素进行分析。结果 3 127例输血患者输血不良反应发生率0.512%(16/3 127),其中过敏反应发生率0.352%(11/3 127)、发热反应发生率0.160%(5/3 127),无溶血反应发生,无其他不良反应发生;前三位发生输血不良反应的血液成分依次为机采血小板、红细胞悬液以及血浆,发生率分别为0.288%、0.160%和0.064%;且机采血小板输血不良反应发生率显著高于红细胞悬液和血浆输血不良反应发生率(P<0.05);年龄小于18岁的患者、有输血史患者以及有过敏史患者输血不良反应发生率明显高于年龄18岁以上的患者、无输血史患者以及无过敏史患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);血液病组患者输血不良反应发生率显著高于非血液病组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);儿童血液病区患者输血不良反应发生率显著高于输血科患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论临床输血对年龄<18岁、有输血史、有过敏史的患者进行输血治疗时应严密监视以防止输血不良反应的发生。积极使用白细胞过滤器有利于减少输血不良反应的发生。Objective To analyze the clinical features and influencing factors of adverse blood transfusion reactions. Methods A total of 3 127 patients who received blood transfusion during Jan. and Dec. 2015 were selected. The blood types, clinical features and related risk factors of those who had adverse transfusion reactions were analyzed. Results The rate of adverse transfusion reaction, anaphylaxis, and exothermic reaction was 0. 512 % （16/3 127）, 0. 352% （11/3 127）, and 0. 160% （5/3 127）, respectively. No hemolytic reaction and other adverse transfusion reactions occurred. Apheresis platelet （0. 288%）, erythrocyte suspension （0. 160%） and plasma （0. 064%） were the top three blood types that caused adverse transfusion reactions, and there was significant difference （P〈0.05）. The incidence of adverse transfusion reactions among patients under 18 and with history of blood transfusion or allergy was higher than those above 18 and without history of blood transfusion or allergy （P〈 0.05）. The incidence of adverse transfusion reactions in patients with hematopathy was higher than that in patients without hematopathy （P〈0.05）. The incidence of adverse transfusion reactions in children with haematological diseases was higher than that in adults （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Clinical blood transfusion has certain risks. Patients under 18, with history of blood transfusion or allergy should be closely observed to prevent the occurrence of adverse transfusion reactions. To reduce the adverse reactions, leucocyte filter is an effective device.

关 键 词：输血患者 不良反应 临床特点 影响因素 

分 类 号：R552[医药卫生—血液循环系统疾病]