某露天铁矿及其周围环境中PM2.5的采集及金属元素监测分析  

Collection of PM_(2.5) and determination of metal elements in an open-pit iron mine and surrounding environment

作　　者：丁彦丽[1] 孟见 刘楠[1] 王春鹏[1] 许梦莹[1] 代岩旭 张政[1] 杜胜强 蒋守芳[1] 沈福海[1] 

机构地区：[1]华北理工大学公共卫生学院,河北省煤矿卫生与安全实验室,河北唐山063000

出　　处：《国外医学（医学地理分册）》2017年第1期48-51,共4页Foreign Medical Sciences：Section of Medgeography

基　　金：河北省重点职业病防治技术研究项目(No.13277709D)

摘　　要：目的测定某露天铁矿工作环境及周围环境以及远离铁矿的环境空气中PM_(2.5)样品金属元素的含量,评价该露天铁矿工作场所的空气质量,以及它对外环境的影响。方法使用中流量颗粒采样器采集某露天铁矿及其周围环境以及远离铁矿的环境空气中PM_(2.5)样品,用微波消解法对样品进行前处理,利用ICP-MS测定样品中金属元素的含量^([1-2])。结果各车间PM_(2.5)浓度均高于铁矿周边及学校,其中Sf1-1皮带PM_(2.5)浓度最高,达5 229.74μg/m^3。铁矿周边PM_(2.5)浓度高于学校。根据富集因子法分析,Sf1-1皮带、Sf1-3皮带、选矿车间,除Al元素(Al作为参比元素,它的富集因子是1,不能判断),其余元素污染来源主要为人为因素。中碎车间、筛分车间,除Al、Ni元素,其余元素主要来源为人为因素。金属元素含量在不同车间的变化与PM_(2.5)浓度变化相同,Sf1-1皮带最高、中碎车间较少,其余车间处于两者之间。不同车间PM_(2.5)中,Fe元素含量最高。结论该铁矿工作环境及其周边PM_(2.5)及部分金属元素浓度较高,会对工人产生健康损害并对大气造成污染。OBjective To evaluate the contents of metal elements in the PM2.5 samples collected from the ambient air from an open-pit iron mine. Methods The air samples were collected with flow particle sampler from the mine, surrounding environment, and place away from the mine. The samples were pretreated with microwave digestion method. The metal elements in the samples were determined with ICP-MS. Results The concentration of PM2.5 in the workshops was higher than that of surrounding environment and nearby school. The content of PM2.5 was the highest in the sf1-1 belt, up to 5 229.74 μg/m^3 . According to enrichment factors analysis, in sf1-1 belt, sf1- 3 belt, and ore dressing workshop, except for the A1, the other main pollutants came from human factors. In the crushing and screening workshops, except for A1 and Ni, the other elements were human factors. The contents of metal elements were the highest in sf1-1 belt, and the lowest in the secondary crushing workshop. In different workshops, the content of Fe was the highest in PM2.5. Conclusion The contents of PM2.5 and metal elements are high in the working environment of the iron mine and its surrounding environment, which may cause health damage and air pollution.

关 键 词：PM2.5 露天铁矿 工作场所 金属元素测定 空气质量 

分 类 号：R122[医药卫生—环境卫生学]