我国卫生机构发展及公平性趋势研究——以调整人口和地理面积为研究视角  

Analysis on the development and equity trends of health institutions in China: A research perspective based on adjusted population and geographical area

作　　者：甄丽丽[1,2] 胡锦梁[3] 杨珉[1,2] 潘杰[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西公共卫生学院,四川成都610041 [2]西部农村卫生发展研究中心,四川成都610041 [3]四川省人民医院卫生政策与信息技术研究所,四川成都610072

出　　处：《中国卫生政策研究》2017年第1期27-33,共7页Chinese Journal of Health Policy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(71303165);美国纽约中华医学基金会基金(CMB13-167)

摘　　要：目的:分析我国卫生机构发展及公平性趋势,为优化卫生资源配置提供决策依据。方法:采用统计地图、基尼系数等方法分析2002—2013年我国卫生机构的发展及公平性趋势。结果:(1)我国卫生机构的发展整体呈上升趋势,但调整人口数的卫生资源分布密度与同时调整人口数和地理面积后的趋势相反。(2)各地区三级医院数均呈增长趋势,且东部地区增长最为显著。(3)在公平性分析方面,东部地区每千人每平方公里卫生机构数的基尼系数维持在0.40、床位数的基尼系数由0.70降至0.60;中、西部地区每千人每平方公里卫生机构数和床位数的基尼系数分别维持在0.40和0.20。结论:我国卫生机构配置公平性趋势有所改善,但东部地区不公平性较中、西部地区更严重,应针对不同地区情况,因地制宜优化卫生机构配置,在卫生资源配置中重视地理面积因素的影响。Objective： To analyze the trends of development and equity of health institutions in China during the period from 2002 to 2013,and put forward references to optimize the decision-making on health resources allocation. Methods： Statistical map,Gini coefficient and other methods were used to analyze the distribution and equity of health institutions in China for 12 years,during the period from 2002 to 2013. Results：（ 1） The overall development of health institutions is on the rise in China,and the distribution density of health resources with the population adjustment is opposite to the adjustment of both population and geographic area at the same time.（ 2） In the past 12 years,the number of tertiary hospitals showed an increasing trend,and growth in the eastern region was the most significant.（ 3） From 2002 to 2013,the Gini coefficient of the number of health institutions and beds per 1,000 persons per square kilometer was maintained at 0. 40,and decreased from 0. 70 to 0. 60 in the eastern region of China,respectively. This same number was maintained at 0. 40 and 0. 20 in the central and western region. Conclusion： In China,the fairness trend of health resources allocation has improved during the period from 2002 to 2013,but the imbalance is more serious in the eastern region than in the central and western regions. It should be paid more attention to optimizing the health resources allocation according to the local conditions of different regions,especially the influence of geographical distribution.

关 键 词：卫生机构 床位 基尼系数 公平性 地理面积 

分 类 号：R197[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]