波状坡耕地工程减蚀技术设计与试验  

Design and experiment of erosion reduction engineering technology on the wave type slope farmland

作　　者：丁新辉[1] 谢永生[2] 田飞[2] 张怀[3] 郝晓东 周伟 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]承德市水土保持科学研究所,河北承德067000

出　　处：《水利学报》2017年第3期359-366,共8页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2011BAD31B01);水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201201048)

摘　　要：为解决波状坡耕地水土流失的治理问题,针对波状坡耕地的形态特征及其水土流失特点,设计了波状坡耕地拦挡淀排技术,并提出了相关参数计算方法。在河北省平泉县东北沟小流域布设径流小区2个(对照小区和措施小区)并观测产流产沙量。3年观测结果表明,波状坡耕地的土壤侵蚀主要是由几场强降雨引起的,拦挡淀排措施在强降雨情况下的平均减蚀率仍能达到98.37%;通过对次降雨资料分析发现次降雨量是影响波状坡耕地侵蚀的重要因子,经过拦挡淀排措施对径流的调控作用,措施小区径流量明显减少,措施小区径流量与次降雨量的相关性系数减小;按照野外径流小区的实际修建费用估算出拦挡淀排技术的公顷造价为30075元,仅为北方土石山区石坎梯田公顷造价的49.60%,具有良好的经济适用性。因此,拦挡淀排技术能够有效防治波状坡耕地水土流失,可作为一项新型坡耕地水土流失防治技术。According to the wave type slope farmland morphological features and it＇s characteristics of soil and water loss,a wave type slope interception-precipitation-drainage technology was designed to solve the soil erosion problems of the wave type slope farmland,and a method was put forward to calculate the relative parameters.Two plots（contrast plot and measure plot） were deployed in a small watershed,named Northeast Gully,in PingQuan County of Hebei Province,and then the runoff and sand output were observed.Observation results during 3 years showed that the soil erosions of wave type slope farmland were mainly caused by several heavy rains,the average erosion reduction rate could still reach 98.37%in the case of heavy rains as a result of using wave type slope interception-precipitation-drainage technology.Additionally,it is found that sub rainfall is an important factor affecting on the soil erosion in wave type slope farmland through the analysis of rainfall data,and by the regulation of the wave type slope interception-precipitation-drainage measures,the runoff of the measure plot has been significantly reduced,and the correlation coefficient between the measure plot runoff and sub rainfall decreased.Finally,the cost of the wave type slope interception-precipitation-drainage technology is estimated at 30,075 yuan per hectare based on the actual cost of building the runoff plots,only account for 49.60%of the rock mountain area stone dike terrace cost,which has a good economic applicability.Therefore,the wave type slope interception-precipitation-drainage technology can effectively prevent the soil and water loss in wave type slope farmland,which can be used as a new technology for slope farmland erosion control.

关 键 词：波状坡 水土流失 工程技术 削流率 减蚀率 

分 类 号：S157.9[农业科学—土壤学]