高频超声在肌萎缩侧索硬化诊断中的应用进展  

Recent advance in role of high-frequency ultrasonography in diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

作　　者：石亚军[1,3] 赵钢 宋宏萍 冯国栋[4] 

机构地区：[1]第四军医大学第一附属医院西京医院神经内科,西安710032 [2]第四军医大学第一附属医院西京医院超声诊断科,西安710032 [3]68310部队,西安710600 [4]复旦大学附属中山医院神经内科,上海200032

出　　处：《中华神经医学杂志》2017年第3期321-324,共4页Chinese Journal of Neuromedicine

摘　　要：肌萎缩侧索硬化（ALS）是一种累及上下运动神经元的渐进性神经肌肉疾病，患者出现肌肉的无力萎缩、言语和吞咽功能障碍，最后因呼吸衰竭而死亡。由于该病临床表现多样，进程复杂多变，早期诊断存在困难。目前ALS的诊断主要基于肌电图（EMG）检查和临床表现，但EMG存在有创、不能同时检查多个部位等缺点。本文将围绕ALS诊断中的另一种辅助方法一高频超声检查在ALS诊断中的作用进行综述。Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis （ALS） is a progressive neuromuscular disease, involving the upper and lower motor neurons. It is characterized by muscle weakness, atrophy, speaking and swallowing dysfimction, and eventually leading to respiratory failure and death. The early diagnosis of ALS is difficult, because of the diversity of clinical manifestations and complex process. However, the early diagnosis of ALS is very important for patients to reduce unnecessary medical expenses and to improve the quality of life. At present, the diagnosis of ALS mainly relies on electromyography and clinical manifestations; however, EMG is a kind of invasive examination and cannot check more parts of the muscles at the same time. Therefore, we mainly discuss the diagnosis of ALS in another auxiliary method-high-frequency ultrasonography.

关 键 词：肌萎缩侧索硬化 高频超声检查技术 肌束震颤 肌纤维震颤 

分 类 号：R445.1[医药卫生—影像医学与核医学] R744.8[医药卫生—诊断学]