不同气候与施肥条件下农田土壤微生物生物量特征与容量分析  

Capacity and Characteristics of Soil Microbial Biomass Under Various Climate and Fertilization Conditions Across China Croplands

作　　者：王传杰[1] 肖婧[1,2] 蔡岸冬 张文菊[1] 徐明岗[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/耕地培育技术国家工程实验室,北京100081 [2]武汉理工大学,武汉430070

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2017年第6期1067-1075,共9页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD14B02;2014BAD14B03);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203030;201303126)

摘　　要：【目的】土壤微生物生物量是土壤生物肥力的重要指标,是土壤养分重要的周转库。探讨不同气候和施肥条件下土壤微生物生物量(生物量碳、氮)的特征及容量,对于深刻认识土壤微生物生物量的影响因素及提高土壤生物肥力具有重要意义。【方法】本研究从中国知网、万方和web of Science 3个文献数据库,以"土壤微生物生物量"、"中国农田"和"长期施肥"为关键词,共收集目标文献42篇,包括458组含土壤有机碳(SOC)与土壤微生物生物量碳(SMBC)和414组含土壤全氮(TN)与土壤微生物生物量氮(SMBN)的数据集,涵盖了4种气候下的2类施肥条件(施有机肥:单施或配施,+OM;不施有机肥:无肥和化肥,-OM)。土壤微生物熵(SMBC/SOC)和SMBN/TN的中值差异性均采用Kruskal-Wallis H单向显著性检验(P<0.05),容量分析采用界限分析方法。【结果】统计分析结果表明,不同施肥处理下,SMBC与SOC和SMBN与TN之间均存在显著线性正相关关系(P<0.01),长期施用有机肥条件下,土壤微生物生物量碳、氮对土壤有机碳和全氮增加的响应系数分别为24.77和30.27,显著高于化肥或不施肥条件(分别为19.88和19.86)(P<0.05)。界限分析结果显示,不同施肥措施下SMBC对SOC增加响应的最大值为33.45—36.00,SMBN对TN的最大响应系数为45.45—49.79,当前条件下SMBC和SMBN还有37.99%和49.66%的提升空间。不同气候条件下SMBC/SOC和SMBN/TN均存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中,中温带半干旱半湿润区SMBC/SOC的中值最高为2.73%,其次为亚热带湿润区(2.45%)和暖温带湿润区(2.31%),中温带湿润区最低为1.48%;SMBN/TN的中值大小顺序为:暖温带湿润区(4.72%)>中温带半干旱半湿润区(3.50%)>亚热带湿润区(2.99%)>中温带湿润区(1.80%)。不同施肥条件下SMBC/SOC和SMBN/TN的变化范围分别为0.35%—6.50%和0.50%—9.72%,但其中值并无显著差异(P>0.05)。对于同一气候条件不同施肥措施而言,仅在中温带湿润�[Objective] Soil microbial biomass is an important index of soil biological fertility and also is an important pool of soil nutrient turnover. The objective of this study was to explore the capacity and characteristics of soil microbial biomass carbon （SMBC） and nitrogen （SMBN） under various climatic zones and fertilization managements across China cropland, and further to obtain better understanding of the factors and how to manage soil biological fertility. [ Method] The publications were collected by searching Web of China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, Wan Fang Database and Web of Science with the keywords of ＂soil microbial biomass＂, ＂Chinese cropland＂ and ＂long-term fertilization＂. A data set with 458 pairs of reported soil organic carbon （SOC） and SMBC and 414 pairs of reported total nitrogen （TN） and SMBN was set up from 42 published papers. They included such four categories of climatic zone as typical temperate （M 1： humid; M2： semi-arid）, warm-temperate （W） and subtropical （S） zones and two categories of fertilization with （＋OM） and without （-OM） organic amendments across China. Statistical analysis on the median of SMBC/SOC and SMBN/TN under different fertilization managements and climate zones was performed with Kruskal-Wallis H test （P〈0.05）. The capacity of SMBC and SMBN to SOC and TN was obtained from boundary line, respectively. [Result] Results showed that there was a significant response of soil microbial biomass （SMBC and SMBN） to the increase in SOC and TN under different fertilization managements and climate zones （P〈0.01）, respectively. The response coefficients （i.e., the correlation slope） between SMBC and SOC, SMBN and TN were 24.77 and 30.27 under organic amendments, respectively, which were significantly higher than that under the management without organic amendments （19.88 for SMBC and 19.86 for SMBN） （P〈0.05）. Boundary analysis showed that the maximum response coefficients of SMBC to SOC and

关 键 词：中国农田 施肥 气候 土壤微生物熵(SMBC/SOC) 土壤微生物生物量碳 土壤微生物生物量氮 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]