里根政府就马岛战争的危机决策与外交战略  

Reactions and Policy Decisions of the Reagan Administration towards the Malvinas War: An Analysis Based on the Latest Archives

作　　者：忻怿 

机构地区：[1]中山大学历史学系冷战史研究中心

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2017年第1期109-132,157,共24页Journal of Latin American Studies

基　　金：中山大学2016年度"笹川优秀青年奖学基金"支持

摘　　要：英阿马岛争端对美国西半球战略带来冲击,在大西洋主义与泛美主义影响下,美国在战前及战争期间曾积极斡旋。美国将英美特殊关系置于美阿关系之上,基于"重英轻阿"的战略选择,在斡旋的同时制定了确保英国"速战速决"的大规模援英计划,并在实践中不断升级。战争结束后,美国一方面引导英国的马岛政策尽量温和化,另一方面迅速解除对阿制裁,修复美阿关系。本文利用美国国务院最新解密出版的《美国外交文件集:南大西洋冲突(1981—1984年)》和其他方面档案,以美国对外战略决策为视角,深入考察美国在英阿之间斡旋的努力和美国对英援助,在此基础上反思马岛战争时期美国在大西洋主义和泛美主义二元伙伴关系之间的权衡与调适。虽然马岛战争结束后美阿关系得以回暖,但美国的立场对美洲国家体系的负面影响一直持续到后冷战时期。美国对二元伙伴关系的调适既有教训,也有经验,凸显大国外交的某种困境与局限。Based on the latest archives from the United States,the paper seeks to conduct a study of the US view of Atlanticism and Pan-Americanism and related policy decisions.The outbreak of the Malvinas War posed a major challenge to the US strategy in the western hemisphere.During the war,the Reagan administration gave a priority to the Anglo-American special relationship rather than the US-Argentinean relationship by offering Britain massive military and economic assistance.After the war,it turned to Pan-Americanism by pushing Britain to take a moderate position on the disputed islands and lifting sanctions towards Argentina in order to restore the US-Argentinean relationship.However,the Inter-American system was heavily impaired due to the US strategic option of being sided with Britain.It is pointed out that the United States failed to overcome irreconcilable contradictions between Atlanticism and Pan-Americanism,deeply reflecting its dilemma in pursuing global hegemony.

关 键 词：美英特殊关系 马岛战争 军事援助 大西洋主义 泛美主义 二元伙伴关系 

分 类 号：D815.9[政治法律—国际关系]