阿根廷在马岛争端中的困境与出路  

Argentina and the Disputes over the Malvinas Islands: Challenges and Options

作　　者：杨珍华 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学中国边界与海洋研究院 [2]武汉大学国家领土主权与海洋权益协同创新中心 [3]武汉大学历史学院历史学博士后流动站

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2017年第1期133-145,157,共13页Journal of Latin American Studies

基　　金：中国海洋发展研究中心重点项目“英国海洋战略问题研究”(编号:AOCZDA2013 09);教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“海上共同开发国际案例与实践研究”(编号:13JZD039)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：180多年的马岛争端史使其成为全球最为悠久的领土争端。长期的阿英马岛主权谈判无实质性进展,阿根廷在马岛争端解决中陷入困境:阿根廷的马岛主权依据占优势,但收回主权乏力;国际社会大多数支持阿根廷的马岛主权诉求,但国际机制作用有限;马岛居民人口虽少,影响却大;多重利益交叉与争夺,加剧了马岛争端的复杂化。对于阿根廷来说,若要解决马岛争端,阿英双方应大力加强政治互信与合作,建立马岛争端管控机制;非殖民化是全球历史发展不可逆转的趋势,马岛亦不例外;阿方应强化马岛争端解决方案的"顶层设计",阿方政府的更替不应成为方案设计断档的缘由;马岛居民是重要的第三方力量,阿方应充分考虑马岛居民的意愿及相关利益;阿英搁置争议、共同开发是当前马岛争端的务实选择。The prolonged disputes over the Malvinas/Falklands islands are the oldest territorial disputes in the world.Fruitless negotiations over the sovereignty of the islands have involved Argentina into a dilemma.Although the sovereignty claims is well founded,Argentina has no military resources to regain it.Its claim is widely supported by the international community,but there is no international mechanism to pressure Britain.A realistic option for Argentina is to develop an approach to shelve the disputes,build up mutual trust between those two countries and create an effective control mechanism.The Argentinean government should pursue the top-level design of the solution to the Malvinas disputes,which should work as a basic state policy to maintain continuity.The islanders as an important third party should play a significant role in the dispute resolving process.

关 键 词：马岛争端 主权主张 非殖民化 马岛居民 共同开发 

分 类 号：D993[政治法律—国际法学]