危机阴影下的欧洲民粹主义探析——以德国为例  

An Analysis of European Populism under the Shadow of Crisis:The Case of Germany

作　　者：杨云珍[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学马克思主义学院 [2]同济大学德国研究中心

出　　处：《国际关系研究》2017年第1期65-81,共17页Journal of International Relations

基　　金：国家社科基金"极右翼思潮蔓延对欧洲左翼政党的影响研究"(项目代码:13BZZ013)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：当前欧洲面临着多重危机和挑战,欧洲尚未完全摆脱欧债危机的阴影,2015年年初因叙利亚内战而引发的难民危机,以及频繁的恐怖主义袭击,都使欧洲雪上加霜。民众心理充满不安全感和恐惧情绪的同时,欧洲的政治生态也发生了巨大的变化。民粹主义色彩凸显,在政治谱系中极左和极右两端民粹主义都如影随形。面对民众的担忧和对政府措施的不满,民粹主义政党的领袖人物利用这一契机,以反建制、反移民、仇外和反对欧洲伊斯兰化为其政治诉求,在选举中进行话语策略动员。在经济衰退的大背景下,难民危机犹如催化剂,使得民粹主义持续发酵而成为最大的赢家。本文认为,正是经济衰退和难民危机给欧洲民粹主义思潮抬头、民粹主义政党崛起提供了政治机会结构。Europe is facing a number of crises and challenges right now.Europe has not yet completely walked out of the shadow of the debt crisis in Europe,the refugee crisis caused by the Syrian civil war early in 2015,and frequent terrorist attacks,all making the situation in Europe even worse.While insecurity and fear dominate the public psychology,the European political ecology has also undergone tremendous changes.The mood of populism is on the rise,with both the extremist left-wing and right-wing populism asserting itself across the political spectrum.In the face of public concerns and dissatisfaction with government measures,the leaders of the populist parties grasp this opportunity to mobilize their discourse strategies in the elections with anti-establishment,anti-immigrant,and xenophobic verbalisms,as well as an opposition the Islamization of Europe as their political appeals.In the context of the economic recession,the refugee crisis acts like a catalyst to make populism continue to ferment and become the biggest winner.This paper argues that it is the Great Recession and the refugee crisis that gives rise to the European populism and provides a political opportunity structure to the rise of the populist political parties.

关 键 词：经济衰退 难民危机 欧洲民粹主义 政治机会结构 

分 类 号：D75[政治法律—政治学] D082[政治法律—中外政治制度]