向家坝和溪洛渡蓄水对圆口铜鱼不同年龄个体下行移动的影响  

Effect of the Barrier Caused by the Impoundments of the Xiangjiaba and Xiluodu Hydropower Plants on the Downstream Movement of Different Age Groups of Coreius guichenoti( Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant,1874)

作　　者：杨志[1] 唐会元[1] 龚云[1] 董纯[1] 高少波[1] 熊美华[1] 陈小娟[1] YANG Zhi TANG Huiyuan GONG Yun DONG Chun GAO Shaobo XIONG Meihua CHEN Xiaojuan(Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry of Water Resources, Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430079, Chin)

机构地区：[1]水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所,水利部水工程生态效应与生态修复重点实验室,武汉430079

出　　处：《四川动物》2017年第2期161-167,共7页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51379134;51209151);水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201501001);中国三峡集团公司项目(JGJ/0382013)

摘　　要：拦河筑坝所导致的物理阻隔和生态阻隔是影响鱼类迁徙的关键因素。圆口铜鱼Coreius guichenoti(Sauvage&Dabry de Thiersant,1874)作为长江上游重要的河流性洄游鱼类,其迁徙不可避免受到金沙江下游向家坝和溪洛渡大型水电站蓄水的影响。关于向家坝和溪洛渡蓄水是否会显著阻隔圆口铜鱼个体的下行以及不同年龄个体之间受阻隔的影响是否存在差异,迄今为止,还未有相关报道。本文拟通过2012—2014年对长江上游永善江段和宜宾江段圆口铜鱼年龄结构变动的研究,探讨向家坝和溪洛渡蓄水对圆口铜鱼不同年龄个体下行阻隔的影响程度。结果表明:1)向家坝和溪洛渡蓄水对圆口铜鱼下行产生了明显的阻隔效应;2)向家坝和溪洛渡蓄水对1龄个体的下行阻隔最明显且最严重;3)与单一的大型水库和大坝相比,多个梯级的大型水库和大坝会对圆口铜鱼的下行产生更为严重的阻隔效应。本文拟为金沙江下游圆口铜鱼的资源保护提供基础数据支持。Fishes depend upon unrestricted upward and downward movements between the habitats of different key lifehistory stages for the completion of the life cycle. The dams and diversion structures can hinder the movements causing the so-called ＂barrier effect＂which is a key factor affecting fish migration. The migration route of Coreius guichenoti（ Sauvage Dabry de Thiersant,1874）,an important migratory fish species in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,is inevitably affected by the builds of the Xiangjiaba and Xiluodu hydropower plants located on the lower reaches of Jinsha River. However,whether the impoundments of the Xiangjiaba and Xiluodu Reservoirs can significantly block the downward movements of C. guichenoti individuals,and whether display different barrier degrees for different age groups,are still remain unknown.Based on the C. guichenoti individuals that sampled from the Yongshan and Yibin sections in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River from 2012 to 2014,the barrier effect caused by the impoundments of the Xiangjiaba and Xiluodu hydropower plants on the downstream movement of different age groups of C. guichenoti were studied by using the method of relative abundance comparison（ number percentage and catch per unit effort）. The results showed that： 1） the impoundments of the Xiangjiaba and Xiluodu Reservoirs had caused obvious blocking effect for downward movement of C. guichenoti; 2） the barrier effect resulted from the impoundments of the Xiangjiaba and Xiluodu Reservoirs was the most obvious and serious for the downward movements of 1 year-old individuals; 3） compare to a single large reservoir and dam,a cascade of large reservoirs and dams had a more serious barrier effect for the downstream movement of C. guichenoti. This study can provide basic data for the resource protection of C. guichenoti in the lower reaches of Jinsha River.

关 键 词：大型水电站 阻隔效应 梯级累积效应 圆口铜鱼 单位捕捞努力量渔获量 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]