某企业血压正常高值员工高血压危险因素分析  

Analysis on risk factors of hypertension among workers with pre-hypertension in a company

作　　者：蒋莹[1] 王燕玲[1] 孙磊[1] 曾庆奇[1] 常春[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院,北京100191

出　　处：《中国健康教育》2017年第2期158-161,共4页Chinese Journal of Health Education

摘　　要：目的探索工作场所血压正常高值员工高血压危险因素,为基于工作场所的高血压防控提供证据。方法对参加了2012年公司体检的某企业员工进行问卷调查,收集了5743名员工的体检及生活方式信息,用χ~2检验和Logistic回归分别对血压正常高值的危险因素进行单因素和多因素分析。结果企业员工血压正常高值检出率为54.1%(2021/3735),18~39岁和40~59员工分别为48.6%(1040/2142)和61.5%(979/1593),且以管理和技术类员工最高。员工对每日限盐和肥胖的BMI范围知晓率分别约为22.0%和10.0%。男性(OR=1.91,95%CI:1.60~2.28)、年龄较大(OR=1.72,95%CI:1.49~1.97)、经常饮酒(OR=1.49,95%CI:1.14~1.93)、超重肥胖(OR=1.92,95%CI:1.66~2.23)以及现在吸烟(OR=1.19,95%CI:1.01~1.40)是不同岗位员工血压正常高值的危险因素,但不同岗位员工血压正常高值危险因素的特点也略有不同,膳食偏咸是管理类员工重要的危险因素(χ~2=5.259,P=0.024),工作压力是营销类员工重要的危险因素(χ~2=4.914,P=0.029)。临时性工作多、工作职责繁杂和部门协调难度大是工作压力大的前3位原因。结论企业员工血压正常高值检出率高于全国平均水平,且不同岗位员工有不同的危险因素特点,应根据这些特点开展针对性的干预措施。Objective To explore risk factors of hypertension among workers with pre-hypertension in a company, arid provide information for evidence based hypertension prevention in workplace. Methods Aquestionnaire survey was conducted in a company and the information included physical examination, behavior and lifestyle were collected. 5743 workers who participated in physical examination in 2012 were enrolled, x2test and logistic regression were used to analysis the influencing factors of pre-hyperteusion. Results The prevalence rate of pre-hypertension among workers in studied enterprise were 54. 1% （2021/3735） , the rates in workers aged 18 - 39 and 40 - 59 years old were 48.6% （1040/2142） and 61.5% （979/1593） , respectively, which were higher than national average level at the same age group. And the highest prevalence of pre-hypertension was tound in management and logistics staffs. The awareness rate of daily salt intake amount and BMI of obesity were about 22.0% and 10.0%. Male, higher age, regular drinking, overweight/obesity and current smoking were risk factors of pre-hypertension among workers, OR （95% CI） were 1.91 （ 1.60 - 2. 28）, 1.72 （ 1.49 - 1.97）, 1.49 （1.14-1.93）, 1.92 （1.66 -2.23） and 1.19 （1.01 -1.40）, respectively. But different characters of risk factors were also found among workers with different jobs, high amount of salt intake was an important risk factor for management staffs （ X2 = 5. 259, P = 0. 024 ） , and work stress was an important risk factor for marketing staffs （ X2 = 4. 914, P = 0. 029）. Besides, lots of temporary work, complex of work responsibility and difficulty of department coopera- tion were the top 3 reasons for high work stress. Conclusion The prevalence rate of pre-hypertension among workers was higher than national average level, and different characters of risk factors were witnessed among workers of different kinds of jobs, thus targeted intervention should be designed according to these characteristics.

关 键 词：血压正常高值 危险因素 高血压 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理] R544.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]