论19世纪下半叶俄罗斯帝国对远东地区的开发  

Discuss the Russian Empire Developments in Far-east Areas in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century

作　　者：张丽[1] 张晓刚[2] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学马克思主义学院 [2]大连大学东北亚研究院

出　　处：《社会科学》2017年第4期134-143,共10页Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目"晚清中俄界务交涉探究"(项目编号:14YJA770020);国家社科基金项目"中日韩开港与城市社会变迁研究"(项目编号:12BSSO16)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：19世纪中叶,中俄两国先后签订了《瑷珲条约》(1858年)和《北京条约》(1860年),意味着大清帝国丧失了一百多万平方公里宝贵的领土,也标志着俄罗斯帝国远东疆域的基本形成。19世纪下半叶,沙皇政府为巩固"新边疆"的安全并积极参与东北亚地区国际竞争,掀起了以完善远东行政区划,鼓励移民,设立中俄边境自由贸易区和远东自由港以及修筑西伯利亚大铁路为主要措施的第一次远东开发热潮。俄罗斯的远东开发计划,一方面将较为先进的文化、技术带入了远东地区,改变了"新边区"地广人稀经济社会发展落后的状况;另一方面也为后来进一步的经济开发与殖民扩张做了准备,使得远东地区成为了俄国对东方邻国进行军事渗透与资本输出的平台。同时,远东地区也逐渐发展为俄国角逐东北亚霸权的重要基地,为干预东北亚相关国家事务并攫取战略利益奠定了基础。As The Treaty of Aigun and The Treaty of Beijing were signed in 1858 and 1860, the territories of Russian Empire in far-east areas finally established, and also means that the Qing Empire lost more than one million square kilometers of valuable territory. In order to consolidate the new terri- tories＇ security and participate in international competition in Northeast Asia, the government of Tsarist Russia in the second half of the nineteenth Century set off the first upsurge of developments in far-east areas, with the main measures including improving administrative divisions, encouraging migrations, establishing Sino Russian border free trade zone and far-east free port, as well as constructing the Trans- Siberian Railway and The Eastern China Railway. On the one hand, it bring advanced culture and technology into the far-east, and also primarily changed the vast and sparsely populated, undeveloped situa- tion in far-east areas. On the other hand, it laid the foundation for the later further development of the Russian far-east areas, making the far-east become the window of Russia＇s commodity trade and capital export to the Eastern neighbors. Meanwhile, the far-east areas has gradually become an important base for Russia to compete for the hegemony of Northeast Asia, and also lay the foundation for the intervention of the Northeast Asian countries and snatch the benefits.

关 键 词：19世纪中俄关系 俄罗斯远东开发 新边区规划与移民 边境自贸区设立 自由港与铁路建设 

分 类 号：K512.4[历史地理—历史学]