国产化政策与全要素生产率——来自汽车零部件制造业的证据  

Local Content Policy and Total Factor Productivity:Evidence from Automobile Component Manufacturing

作　　者：谭诗羽 吴万宗[2] 夏大慰[3] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学管理学院,上海200433 [2]上海财经大学国际工商管理学院,上海200433 [3]上海国家会计学院,上海201702

出　　处：《财经研究》2017年第4期82-95,共14页Journal of Finance and Economics

摘　　要：产业政策是否有效已成为当下学术界的热点话题。文章聚焦2005年中国汽车工业国产化政策,并结合同时期的税收减免政策,利用2002-2007年中国汽车零部件和整车制造业的微观数据,实证分析其对企业全要素生产率的影响。研究发现:(1)整车厂商对零部件厂商的纵向技术溢出效应是国产化政策提升零部件企业全要素生产率的主要机制,但市场规模的扩张和短期内市场垄断程度的上升也使零部件企业产生了技术改进的惰性;(2)国产化政策对企业生产率的影响在不同所有制企业之间存在差异:内资企业、非国有企业更多地从整车厂商的技术溢出中获益,外资企业则更多地从市场规模的扩大中获益,国有企业生产率受该政策影响不显著;(3)国产化政策与同一时期税收减免政策之间的关系存在两面性。国产化政策下,受税收减免的FDI向本土零部件企业发生了更多的技术转移,受税收减免的企业本身却缺乏效率改进的动力。上述结论带给新一轮中国工业改革的启示是:国产化政策在一定范围内仍然是有效的,特别是对高端装备制造业等战略新兴产业,政策导向有利于为新产业主体建设打下基础;但是产业政策同样不应被过度使用,制定政策应该重视政策工具在不同阶段的有机组合,取长补短,使各产业政策形成合力进而保证企业效率的提升。Is industrial policy effective？This issue has been a hot topic in academic circle.This paper focuses on ＂local content policy＂in Chinese automobile industry in 2005 and combines＂tax holiday＂in the same period to empirically analyze their impacts on firm TFP and answer the question above by using micro data of component manufacturing and vehicle manufacturing in Chinese automobile industry from 2002 to 2007.It comes to the following conclusions：firstly,the main mechanism of the TFP improvement of automobile component manufacturers lies in vertical technology spillover effect of vehicle manufacturers on automobile component manufacturers,but the rise in market size and shortterm market monopoly degree also leads to the inertia of these component manufacturers in terms of productivity improvement;secondly,there is heterogeneity among the impact of local content policy on firm TFP with different ownership structure;domestic and nonstate-owned firms take more advantages of technology spillover from vehicle manufacturers,and foreign-invested firms benefit more from the rise in market size,while productivity of state-owned firms is not significantly influenced by local content policy;thirdly,the relationship between local content policy and tax holiday shows two sides;under local content policy,FDI that enjoys tax holiday offers more technology spillover to domestic component manufacturers;however,firms that enjoy tax holiday lack the motive for self-improvement on their efficiency.These conclusions above bring some implication to a new round reform in Chinese industry：local content policy is effective to a certain extent,especially for China＇s strategic emerging industries like high-end equipment manufacturing industry,and the policy orientation is conductive to laying the foundation of the construction of new industries;however,industry policy should not be overused,and its policy-making should place more emphasis on organic combination and complementation of different policy instruments,which can help

关 键 词：国产化政策 税收减免 技术溢出 汽车零部件制造 产业政策组合 

分 类 号：F407.471[经济管理—产业经济]