村镇秸秆废弃物资源化环境评价模型及案例分析  

A case study on environmental evaluation model for utilization of straw waste resources in the villages

作　　者：李玉航[1] 苏醒[1] 宋波[2] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学机械与能源工程学院,上海201804 [2]中国建筑科学研究院,北京100013

出　　处：《可再生能源》2017年第3期317-322,共6页Renewable Energy Resources

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划课题(2015BAL02B03)

摘　　要：文章在借鉴生命周期影响评价方法的基础上构造出一种定量的废弃物资源化环境评价模型。首先根据秸秆气化发电等典型废弃物资源化技术,总结出常见的能源消耗与环境排放污染物;然后根据这些环境因子全面考虑可能造成的环境影响类型(化石燃料耗竭、全球气候变暖、酸化、光化学烟雾、富营养化、烟粉尘以及人体毒性);最后借鉴生命周期影响评价方法依次进行特征化、标准化及权重赋值;最终构建适用于评价分析村镇废弃物资源化技术的环境评价模型。选取马庄村秸秆太阳能沼气集中供气工程作为实际案例分析,结果表明,村镇居民使用秸秆制沼产生的沼气比使用天然气具有更高的节能减排效益。A quantitative evaluation model for waste recycling technology based on the Life Cycle Impact Assessment was built in this paper. Firstly, according to typical waste recycling technologies （such as straw gasification power generation technology）, a list with common emissions of the whole life cycle were given. Secondly, some potential impact on the environment such as fossil depletion, global warming, acidification, photochemical oxidant formation, eutrophication, particulate matter formation and human toxicity were taken into consider. Furthermore, the calculation for characterization, standardization and weight assignment which used the theory of Life Cycle Impact Assessment were made. Finally, reasonable environmental evaluation model for waste recycling technology in the villages was built. And this research made an actual case study in Ma zhuang village for verification. The results show that the waste recycling technology in Ma zhuang village is effective in energy conservation and emission reduction.

关 键 词：生命周期影响评价 废弃物资源化 环境影响类型 环境评价模型 秸秆太阳能制沼 

分 类 号：TK6[动力工程及工程热物理—生物能] S216.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程]