二氧化碳储存技术研究进展  

Recent Advances in Storage Technology of Carbon Dioxide

作　　者：刘志坚[1] 史建公 张毅[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石化催化剂有限公司,北京100029 [2]中石化催化剂(北京)有限公司,北京102400

出　　处：《中外能源》2017年第3期1-9,共9页Sino-Global Energy

摘　　要：通过二氧化碳储存降低大气中的二氧化碳浓度,是减缓全球温室效应的有效手段。中国在碳减排方面实行的战略与国外不同,国外是二氧化碳的捕集与储存(CCS),而中国则是二氧化碳的捕集、利用与储存(CCUS),增加了将二氧化碳作为资源进行利用的环节。二氧化碳储存技术大致分为地质储存、生物储存、海洋储存、矿物储存(矿石碳化)以及工业利用等。地质储存是最有效和最经济的永久性二氧化碳储存技术,又可分为枯竭油气藏储存、注二氧化碳驱油提高采收率(CO_2-EOR)、深部盐水层储存、深部不可开采煤层储存、注二氧化碳驱煤层气提高采收率(CO_2-ECBM)以及地下的其他地质结构如玄武岩、油页岩、孔洞等,优点是气密性好、储存容量大,可以有效提高石油、天然气等资源的采收率。利用生物储存二氧化碳具有广阔的应用前景,既可以节约资源,又能更加有效地储存二氧化碳。由于长期大规模注入二氧化碳对海洋环境及海洋生物等会产生一定影响,因此目前对于二氧化碳海洋储存技术的研究还处在试验阶段。而矿物储存在提高碳酸化反应速率和降低能耗方面还有待进一步研究。对中国而言,加快开发以二氧化碳为原料的规模化产业是实现二氧化碳减排的更为积极的途径,尤其是富碳农业。Reducing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere via carbon dioxide storage is an effective means to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions.Different from other countries,China implements a carbon emission reduction strategy of carbon dioxide capture,utilization and storage （CCUS）.In addition to car- bon capture and storage （CCS）,China focuses on the utilization of carbon dioxide as resources.The carbon dioxide storage technologies can be divided into geological storage,biological storage,marine storage,mineral storage （mineral carbonation） and industrial use.Geological storage is the most effective and economical perma- nent carbon dioxide storage technology,and it can be divided into carbon dioxide storage in depleted reser- voirs,carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery （CO2-EOR）,carbon dioxide storage in deep saline formations,car- bon dioxide storage in deep unminable coal seams,carbon dioxide enhanced coal-bed methane （CO2-ECBM） and carbon dioxide storage in other underground geological structures such as basalts,oil shales and holes. With advantages of good air tightness and large storage capacity,it can effectively enhance the recovery of oil,natural gas and other resources.Biological storage of carbon dioxide has broad application prospects.It can not only save resources,but also effectively store carbon dioxide.Currently the research on marine storage of carbon dioxide is still at the experimental stage because the long-term massive injection of carbon dioxide will have certain influence on the marine environment and marine biology.For mineral storage,further study is required on improving the reaction rate of mineral carbonation and reducing the energy consumption.To Chi- na,expediting the development of large-scale industries which take carbon dioxide as the raw material,espe- cially the high carbon agriculture ,is a more positive way to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.

关 键 词：二氧化碳储存 地质储存 生物储存 提高采收率 碳酸化 富碳农业 

分 类 号：X701[环境科学与工程—环境工程]