德国环境团体诉讼的嬗变及对我国的启示  

The Evolution of Group Litigation for Environment in Germany and Its Inspiration for China

作　　者：吴宇[1] WU Yu(Environment Law Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Chin)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学环境法研究所,武汉430072

出　　处：《现代法学》2017年第2期155-165,共11页Modern Law Science

基　　金：2013年度教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目"环境分配正义:邻避设施选址纠纷的法律应对机制研究"(13YJC820081);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金武汉大学自主科研(人文社会科学)项目"环境公益诉讼比较研究:欧盟的经验""2011计划"司法文明;国家协同创新中心项目

摘　　要：德国环境团体诉讼的发展一直受制于德国传统法律理论的影响,经过不断修法后才赋予并扩大了环保团体的诉讼权能,以实现其保护环境公益的目的。在这个过程中,对保护规范理论的突破,让德国利他型环境团体诉讼从主观诉讼转向了客观诉讼。这一转变既是由于德国国内多年来环境运动和政治绿色化的压力,又是由于欧盟法转化和欧洲法院一系列判例的影响。德国的实践与中国的实践既有相同之处,具体情形又有不同。中国应当借鉴德国发展中的经验和教训,有意识地推动环境行政公益诉讼制度的完善。The traditional legal theory impacts the evolution of group litigation for environment in Germany. For the reason of environmental protection, environmental NGOs were entitled the admissibility after some amendments of laws. During the evolution, since the protective norm theory was not a shackle anymore, the nature of a group litigation for environment was changed from subjective suit to objective suit. The impetuses for this change are, on the one hand, the pressure from environmental movements and politics, and, on the other hand, the transposition of EU laws and impacts of some decisions by ECJ. Comparatively, China not only shares the same experience of Germany in its legal theory, but also has a different situation. The evolution of administrative litigation for environmental public interest would inspire the Chinese counterpart to build and improve the institutions of administrative litigation for environmental public interest in China.

关 键 词：环境团体诉讼 保护规范理论 个人主观权利 客观诉讼 

分 类 号：DF468[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]