氮肥施用方式对水稻产量以及氮、磷、钾养分吸收利用的影响  

Effect of N fertilization method on rice yield and N,P and K uptake and use efficiency

作　　者：刘晓伟[1,2] 王火焰[1] 朱德进[3] 周健民[1,2] 陈照明[1,2] 刘永哲[4] 胡凤琴[1] 缪辰[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所/土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]泰州市姜堰区农业委员会,江苏泰州225500 [4]南京农业大学农学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2017年第2期203-210,共8页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2013CB127401);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203013);国家自然科学基金项目(41271309);南京土壤研究所"十三五"计划重点培育方向四(ISSASIP1649)

摘　　要：[目的]针对水稻氮肥施用量大、利用率低的现状,探索氮肥高效的一次根区施氮模式,比较改变施氮方式后水稻对氮、磷、钾养分吸收利用的差异,为水稻高效施肥提供理论指导。[方法]在环太湖单季中稻区(安徽省宣城市广德县邱村镇和江苏省泰州市姜堰区梁徐镇)开展大田试验,比较常规习惯施氮(FFP,40%作基肥,30%作分蘖肥,30%作穗肥)与根区一次施氮的3种施氮方式(BF,侧5 cm深5 cm条施;HF5,侧5 cm深5 cm穴施;HF10,侧5 cm深10 cm穴施)4个处理对水稻产量及氮、磷、钾肥吸收利用的差异。[结果]根区一次施氮相对FFP不减产,且HF10的产量比FFP分别显著增产24.5%(广德)和44.8%(姜堰)。HF10显著提高水稻茎、鞘、叶以及籽粒的氮含量和氮积累量,两地HF10的水稻总氮积累分别达164.1 kg·hm^(-2)(广德)和196.4 kg·hm^(-2)(姜堰),相对FFP分别增加了53.6%和114.3%。根区施氮对于水稻各器官磷含量和磷积累量也有显著提高,两地最高磷积累的HF10相对FFP平均增加45.1%。根区施氮对水稻钾含量的影响相对较小,钾的积累量的变化趋势与干物质相同。HF10的氮肥表观利用率平均由FFP的17.9%提高到54.0%,农学利用率也有显著的提高。[结论]根区一次施氮是一种节肥高效的施肥方式,两地综合结果均以水稻侧5 cm、深10 cm一次穴施氮肥效果最好,根区施氮显著提高了水稻磷、钾的吸收量,磷、钾肥施用量有待进一步调整,此施肥模式值得进一步研发施肥机械和推广应用。[Objectives] The phenomenon of large amount of N fertilizer input and low N use efficiency in rice had become a common scene,and studying and researching an optimal one-time N root-zone fertilization method and comparing the effect of one-time N root-zone fertilization on N,P and K uptake and utilization of rice are important for increasing rice yield and fertilization use efficiency,and providing a theoretical guidance for rice fertilization.[Methods] This study was carried out at the middle-season rice area of around Taihu Lake（Qiucun Town,Guangde County,Xuancheng City,Anhui Province and Liangxu Town,Jiangyan Country,Taizhou City,Jiangsu Province.GD and JY for short）,and compared the effects of four different N fertilization methods,which include farmer fertilization practice （FFP,40% as basal fertilizer,30% as tillering fertilizer and 30% as earing fertilizer）,band fertilization at 5 cm lateral and 5 cm depth（BF）,hole fertilization at 5 cm lateral and 5 cm depth（HF5） and hole fertilization at 5 cm lateral and 10 cm depth（HF10）,on rice yield and N,P,K uptake and utilization.[Results] Result showed that there was no yield reduction for one-time N root-zone fertilization,also significant yield increase was observed at HF10 compared with FFP,and the yield increments were 44.8% and 24.5% at GD and JY,respectively.HF10 significantly increased N content and N accumulation of stem,sheath and bladeof rice as well.The highest total N accumulations for HF10 were 164.1 kg·hm^-2（GD） and 196.4 kg·hm^-2（JY）,and there were 53.6% and 114.3% increment compared with corresponding FFP,respectively.Significantly enhanced N,P,K content and accumulation was observed for N root-zone fertilization.The highest P accumulation was HF10 for both sites and it showed 45.1% averaged increment compared with FFP.Rice K content showed a little variation between different N fertilization patterns and the trend of K accumulation was similar as the change of rice dry matter.N apparent recovery efficiency showed a sign

关 键 词：水稻 根区施肥 氮肥利用率 产量 

分 类 号：S511.062[农业科学—作物学]