不同施氮水平对棚架栽培‘寿新水’梨生长及山梨醇代谢的影响  

Effects of different supply of N levels on tree growth and sorbitol metabolism in leaf and fruit of trellis trained ‘Kotobuki shinsui’ pear

作　　者：丁易飞 申长卫 王洁[1] 谢昶琰 彭莉润 金昕[1] 董彩霞[1] 徐阳春[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院/农业部长江中下游植物营养与肥料重点实验室/江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化高技术研究重点实验室/江苏省协同创新中心,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2017年第2期242-250,共9页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203013);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-29-15)

摘　　要：[目的]研究不同施氮水平对棚架梨树生长、产量品质及叶片和果实中山梨醇代谢的影响,为确定最佳施氮量提供理论依据。[方法]2014—2015年以田间棚架式栽培梨品种‘寿新水’为试材,设置4个氮素水平:165、330、660和990 kg·hm^(-2)(分别以N1、N2、N3、N4表示),以不施氮(N0)为对照,随机区组排列。[结果]两年间随施氮量增加,梨树干周和百叶质量呈增加趋势,而单果质量和产量呈先增加后降低趋势,N2、N3和N4处理间产量无显著差异。梨果实可溶性固形物、可溶性糖含量及糖酸比随施氮量提高呈先增加后降低的趋势,最大值均出现在N2处理。从幼果期到膨大Ⅱ期,叶片中山梨醇含量呈下降趋势而果实中山梨醇含量呈上升趋势,其中膨大Ⅱ期N2处理叶片和果实中山梨醇含量比N0分别提高了25.3%和90.9%。不同时期叶片中山梨醇合成与分解关键酶S6PDH和NAD-SDH的活性随施氮量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势。与N0相比,N2处理提高了叶片中S6PDH和NAD-SDH活性并显著上调了S6PDH基因的表达,促进了山梨醇的合成。成熟期N2处理显著上调果实中NAD-SDH3基因的表达,有利于山梨醇的分解,与之相比,N4处理相对表达量下降了42.5%。[结论]N2处理有利于协调叶片和果实中的山梨醇代谢,提高成熟期果实糖含量,改善品质。建议棚架式栽培梨果的纯氮施用量为330 kg·hm^(-2)。[Objectives] In order to provide a theoretical basis for optimum nitrogen application rate on trellis cultivation pear,a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different N rates on tree growth,yield,fruit quality,sorbitol metabolism of leaf and fruit.[Methods] Pear（Pyrus pyrifolia‘ Kotobuki shinsui’）managed by trellis cultivation was used as materials of field experiment from 2014 to 2015.Four nitrogen treatments of 165,330,660,990 kg·hm^-2（N1,N2,N3,N4）were applied to the pear trees during each growth season.No N application（N0） was used for control and all the five treatments were conducted by random disposal teams.[Results] With the increasing of N application,an increasing trend on the girth of trunk and leaf weight was found,while the single fruit weight and yield increased firstly but then decreased.There was no significant difference on yield between N2,N3 and N4 treatments.With the increasing of N application rate,soluble solid content,soluble sugar and the ratio of sugar to acid were found increasing at first but then decreased during two years,all the maximum values of the three indexes above were found in N2 treatment.From young fruit stage to expanding stage Ⅱ,the content of sorbitol in leaves and that in fruit were found decreasing and increasing,respectively.Compared to N0 treatment,the sorbitol content in leaves and fruit of N2 treatment was significantly increased by 25.3% and 90.9%,respectively,at expanding stage Ⅱ.With the increasing amount of N application,the activities of NAD-SDH and S6PDH in leaves increased at first but then decreased,and a minimum value was found in N0 compared to the other N application treatments.The expression level of S6PDH in the N2 treatment was significantly up-regulated than the N0 treatment,which resulted in the promotion of the sorbitol synthesis.At maturity stage,the expression of NAD-SDH3 in fruit increased significantly under the N2 treatment,which could enhance the decomposition of sorbitol;while compared to the N2 treatmen

关 键 词：梨 氮 糖 山梨醇代谢 果实品质 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]