常用化肥重金属元素含量分析评价及其对土壤环境的影响  

Analysis and Evaluation of Heavy Metal Elements in Common Fertilizers and Their Effects on Soil Environment

作　　者：王卫星[1] 曹淑萍[1] 李攻科[1] 张亚娜[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津市地质调查研究院,天津300191

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2017年第4期19-22,共4页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目(12120113002000);天津市国土资源和房屋管理局项目(国土房任[2014]32号)

摘　　要：随着化肥的长期施用,其中的重金属元素可能会积累,从而导致农田土壤及农作物中重金属元素超标,造成环境污染,其中,Cd,Hg,As,Pb,Cr是化肥对土壤产生污染的主要物质。以天津市蓟州区为例,采集20个常用化肥样品进行重金属元素分析评价,并研究其对土壤环境的影响。结果表明,磷酸二铵肥料中As,Cd,Cr含量较其他肥料显著偏高,尿素、板栗专用肥中As,Cd,Pb含量较其他肥料显著偏低,复合肥(掺混肥)中As,Cd,Pb,Cr,Hg含量平均为11.06,0.240,2.95,19.7,0.054 mg·kg^(-1);蓟州地区肥料样品中As,Cd,Pb,Cr,Hg含量均远远低于《肥料中砷、镉、铅、铬、汞生态指标》(GB/T 23349—2009)国家标准中的限值,样品合格率为100%。每年通过化肥可以向每公顷农田土壤中平均输入As,Cd,Pb,Cr,Hg的质量分别约为13.275,0.315,3.690,33.030,0.076 kg。磷酸二铵和尿素呈碱性,复合肥(掺混肥)均呈酸性,长期大量施用化肥可能会使农田土壤的p H值整体下降。With the long-term application of fertilizer, the heavy metal elements in the soil and crops can lead to excessive heavy metal elements, resulting in environmental pollution. Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr are the main chemical fertilizers for the pollution of the soil.In this study, taking Jizhou district of Tianjin city as an example, 20 common fertilizer samples were analyzed to evaluate heavy metal elements, and studied their effects on soil environment. The results showed that As, Cd, Cr contents of diammonium phosphate fertilizer were significantly higher than other fertilizers. As, Cd, Pb content in urea and special fertilizer for chestnut were significantly lower compared with other fertilizer. As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Hg contents in compound fertilizer（fertilizer blending） were 11.06, 0.240, 2.95,19.7, 0.054 mg·kg-（-1）, respectively. As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Hg contents in Jizhou fertilizer samples were far lower than the national standard limit value of 《As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Hg ecological indexs in fertilizer 》（GB/T 23349-2009）, and samples pass rates were 100%. Average input qualities of Cd, Pb, As Cr, Hg through fertilizer to the farmland soil per acre each year were 13.275, 0.315, 3.690, 33.030,0.076 kg, respectively. DAP and urea were alkaline, and compound fertilizer（mixed fertilizer） were acidic. Long-term use of chemical fertilizers may make the soil p H overall decline.

关 键 词：化肥 重金属元素 分析评价 土壤环境 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学] X53[农业科学—农业基础科学]