花生、玉米不同间作方式对花生生理性状以及产量的影响  

Effect of Different Peanut-maize Intercropping Patterns on Peanut Growth and Yield

作　　者：姚远[1] 刘兆新[1] 刘妍[1] 刘婷如 何美娟[1] 李向东[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《花生学报》2017年第1期1-7,共7页Journal of Peanut Science

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD11B04-2);国家自然科学基金资助项目(30840056;31171496);山东省现代农业体系花生创新团队首席专家专项基金(SDAIT-04-01)

摘　　要：为探究不同间作方式对花生生长发育以及产量的影响,研究提高花生、玉米间作综合单产的最优间作模式。设置了花生和玉米4:1间作模式(覆膜:DJ_1FM;露地:DJ_1)、花生和玉米4:2间作模式(覆膜:DJ_2FM;露地:DJ_2)、花生和玉米5:3间作模式(覆膜:DJ_3FM;露地:DJ_3)、花生单作处理(覆膜:DDHF;露地:DDH)和玉米单作处理(DDY)共9个处理。研究结果表明:覆膜有利于花生叶片净光合速率的提高,而从结荚期开始花生、玉米间作的覆膜和露地处理均显著降低了花生的净光合速率,各处理之间光合速率大小表现为DDHF>DDH>DJ_1FM>DJ_1>DJ_2FM>DJ_2>DJ_3FM>DJ_3;花针期花生、玉米5:3模式覆膜和露地处理的叶绿素含量显著低于其他处理;花生、玉米间作对花生叶片叶绿素含量的影响与玉米所占比例成反比。花生、玉米5:3间作模式覆膜和露地处理的硝酸还原酶活性、根系活力在各个时期均低于其他各个处理,差异显著;各间作模式下花生都出现了产量显著下降的情况;花生、玉米4:2间作模式的玉米产量较单作玉米下降了24.9%,下降不显著。按照当年山东省粮食收购价格计算花生和玉米的收益花生、玉米4:2间作模式的覆膜处理经济效益明显高于其他间作处理。认为4:2间作模式覆膜处理为花生、玉米的最佳间作模式。In order to explore the different peanut-maize intercropping effects on growth and yield of peanut, and research the optimal improved comprehensive yield intercropping model. Nine trial treatments were designed with ratio 4 ： 1 for peanut-maize intercropping （plastic film mulching： DJ1 FM; without plastic film mulching： DJ1 ）, ratio 4 ： 2 for peanut-maize intercropping （plastic film mulching： DJ2 FM; without plastic film mulching： DJ2 ）, ratio 5 ：3 for peanut-maize intercropping （plastic film mulching： DJ3 FM; without plastic film mulching： DJ3 ）, mono-cropped peanut （plastic film mulching： DDHF; without plastic film mulching： DDH）, and mono-cropped maize （DDY）. The results showed that： Film mulching was beneficial to increase the net photosynthetic rate of peanut, the net photosynthetic rate of peanut was significantly decreased under peanut-maize intercropping from the pod setting stage, and the photosynthetic rate among the treatments was： DDHF〉DDH〉DJ1FM〉DJ1〉DJ2FM〉DJ2〉DJ3FM〉DJ3 ; The chlorophyll content of peanut maize 5 ： 3 was significantly lower than other treatments during the period of pegging stage; The effect of peanut - maize intercropping on the chlorophyll content of peanut leaves was inversely proportional to the proportion of maize. Peanut-maize intercropping 5 ： 3 treatment NR activity and root vigour were significantly lower than other treatments in each period. There was a significant decrease in the yield of peanut under different intercropping patterns. The 4 ： 2 model of maize yield was decreased by 24. 9 % compared with that of mono- cropped maize, no significant decline. In accordance with the grain purchase price in Shandong to calculate the benefits of peanuts and corn, the film mulching treatment of peanut-maize intercropping 4 ： 2 of the economic benefits was significantly higher than that of other intercropping treatments. Therefore, the above experimental results showed that the film mulching treatment of peanut-maize

关 键 词：花生 玉米 间作 生理性状 产量 

分 类 号：S565.20[农业科学—作物学] S344.2