施氮量对玉米花生宽幅间作体系农艺性状及产量的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Rate on the Agronomic Traits and Yield of Peanut/Maize under Wide Intercropping System

作　　者：徐杰[1] 张正[1] 孟维伟[1] 高华鑫 刘灵艳 张佳蕾[2] 南镇武 万书波[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院作物研究所/山东省作物遗传改良与生态生理重点实验室/小麦玉米国家工程实验室,山东济南250100 [2]山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心/山东省作物遗传改良与生态生理重点实验室,山东济南250100

出　　处：《花生学报》2017年第1期14-20,共7页Journal of Peanut Science

基　　金：山东省2013年度农业重大应用技术创新课题"玉米//花生间作均衡增产增效技术体系研究";山东省2014年度农业重大应用技术创新课题"小麦-玉米//花生周年肥水高效利用技术研究与示范";山东省青年基金项目(ZR2015YL063);山东省农业科学院青年基金(2016YQN02);国家自然科学基金(31601252)

摘　　要：玉米花生宽幅间作被认为是黄淮海平原缓解粮油争地矛盾,实现稳粮增油的种植模式之一。针对目前氮肥过量施用和豆科作物固氮被忽视的实际,2014-2015年在山东济南进行了玉米花生宽幅间作大田试验,研究不同施氮量下玉米花生间作体系作物籽粒产量和农艺性状。结果表明,间作玉米和间作花生分别在360 kg/hm^2。施氮水平上(按玉米带占地面积折算间作玉米田施氮量为141 kg/hm^2)和90 kg/hm^2施氮水平上(按花生带占地面积折算间作花生田施氮量为55 kg/hm^2)时达到较高产量,两年平均分别为7939 kg/hm^2和1845 kg/hm^2;继续增加施氮量,虽然间作花生株高增加14%,但收获指数降低了12%,产量降低12%。玉米花生间作体系能够提高土地利用效率,土地当量比两年平均为1.08;同时能够显著提高氮肥偏生产力和氮肥农学利用效率,不同施氮量梯度下,分别比玉米单作增加32.9%~43.4%和11.8%~69.2%。说明间作玉米带施氮141kg/hm^2、花生带施氮55 kg/hm^2可获得较高的产量、土地利用效率和氮肥利用效率,是本试验条件下间作最优施氮量。Peanut/maize wide intercropping has been considered as one important mode to increase grain production and oil production, which can effectively alleviate land competition between grain and oil crops in Huanghuaihai Plain. Excessive fertilization as well as neglect of symbiotic N2 fixation exists in local crop production. Thus field trials were conducted in Jinan of Shandong in 2014 and 2015 to study the effects of nitrogen on the grain yield and agronomic traits of peanut/maize under the wide intercropping system. On average over two years, maize achieved a higher yield of 7935 kg/hm^2 at 360kg/hm^2 nitrogen （Nitrogen rate of intercropped maize corrected by the occupied area of intercropped maize was 141 kg/hm^2） under the intercropping system, and peanut produced a higher yield of 1845 kg/hm^2 at 90 kg/hm^2 nitrogen （Nitrogen rate of intercropped peanut corrected by the occupied area of intereropped peanut was 55 kg/hm^2）. With the increased nitrogen amount, plant height of intereropped peanut increased by 14%, but the harvest index decreased by 12 %, causing the yield decreased by 12 %. Meanwhile, the peanut/maize wide intercropping system significantly improved the land use efficiency, the land equivalent ratio averaged 1.08 in these two years. And compared to the monocropped maize, the nitrogen partial factor productivity and agro- nomic nitrogen use efficiency of the intercropping system increased by 32.9%-43.4% and 11.8% -69.2% respectively at different nitrogen rate. This illustrated that, the intercropped maize and peanut could produce high yield at 141 kg/hm^2 and 55 kg/hm^2 nitrogen rate, as well as increase land use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency, and was the optimal nitrogen amount under this experiment condition.

关 键 词：玉米花生间作 施氮量 农艺性状 产量 

分 类 号：S565.206.2[农业科学—作物学] S344.2