医务人员血源性病原体职业暴露调查  

Occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens among health care workers

作　　者：游灿青[1] 罗光英[1] 查筑红[1] 程永素[1] 王敏[1] 黄冰[1] 王平[1] 冷应蓉[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州医科大学附属医院,贵州贵阳550004

出　　处：《中国感染控制杂志》2017年第3期251-253,共3页Chinese Journal of Infection Control

基　　金：贵州省科技厅社会公关计划基金资助项目(黔科合SY字[2013]3176号)

摘　　要：目的了解医务人员发生血源性病原体职业暴露的特点和危险因素,探讨防治对策。方法采用回顾性调查方法,运用《医务人员血源性职业暴露登记表》对某院2013年1月1日—2015年12月31日发生的血源性病原体职业暴露事件进行调查分析。结果共发生血液/体液职业暴露246例。职业暴露人群以在职护士为主(95例,占38.62%);职业暴露发生地点主要为病房(148例,60.16%);职业暴露方式以锐器伤为主(219例,占89.02%);医务人员发生职业暴露时的操作环节主要为手术意外(69例,占28.05%);暴露源主要为乙型肝炎病毒(HBV),共123例(占50.00%);暴露医务人员经局部处理和预防用药后,无1例发生感染。结论医疗机构应加强医务人员血源性病原体职业暴露相关培训,提高防护意识,规范操作行为,改善工作环境,最大限度地减少职业暴露的发生。Objective To investigate the characteristics and risk factors of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens among health care workers（HCWs）,and evaluate prevention and treatment countermeasures.Methods Record Form for Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens Among Health Care Workers was used for retrospective survey on the occurrence of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens in a hospital between January 1,2013 and December 31,2015.Results A total of 246 cases of blood/body fluid occupational exposure occurred.The main occupational exposure population were nurses（n=95,38.62%）;occupational exposure mainly occurred in wards（n=148,60.16%）;the main mode of occupational exposure was sharp injury（n=219,89.02%）;the main opportunity of occupational exposure of HCWs was surgical accident（n=69,28.05%）;the main exposure source was hepatitis B virus（n=123,50.00%）;none of HCWs developed infection after local treatment and prophylactic medication.Conclusion Medical institutions should strengthen the training for HCWs about occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens,enhance protection awareness,standardize operation procedures,and improve working environment,so as to minimize the occurrence of occupational exposure.

关 键 词：医务人员 职业暴露 血源性病原体 防护 

分 类 号：R136[医药卫生—劳动卫生]