三江源区生态产品价值核算  

Accounting system for products in the ecosystem of the Three-River Headwater Area

作　　者：李芬[1] 张林波[1] 舒俭民[1] 孟伟[1] LI Fen ZHANG Linbo SHU Jianmin MENG Wei(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Eco-process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Assessment, State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室国家环境保护区域生态过程与功能评估重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《科技导报》2017年第6期120-124,共5页Science & Technology Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41301632);中国工程院重点咨询项目(2014-XZ-31)

摘　　要：摸清自然资源资产家底是推进生态文明建设、完善生态补偿机制和建立生态文明绩效考核机制的基础。三江源区是"中华水塔",是中国重点生态功能区、国家公园体制试点区。针对三江源区生态产品类型,从物质量和价值量两个角度构建了生态产品评价指标的测算方法,采用直接市场价格法和替代市场法核算生态产品价值。结果表明:三江源区2012年生态产品价值为1986.43×10~8元人民币,是同期该区国民生产总值的8.27倍,地均生态产品价值为5093元/hm^2。三江源区2012年农产品价值为327.5×10~8元,干净水源价值为1098.56×10~8元,清新空气价值为560.37×10~8元。生态产品是三江源区非常重要的自然资源资产,其价值远超过经济生产价值。将生态产品价值纳入国民经济统计核算体系,建立以生态产品为核心的新型绩效考评机制,有助于生态保护绩效考核和自然资源资产离任审计制度的建立。The natural resource assessment is the basis of the assessment of the ecological civilization construction and the ecological compensation and performance. The Three-River Headwater Area of China is chosen as an example to define clearly the concepts and to quantify the methods for measuring the economic value of the products in the ecosystem. The classification and its connotation of the products in the ecosystem are analyzed. The accounting methods for the assessment indicators of the ecosystem products are established based on the point of view of the material production and the economic value. The products of the ecosystem are evaluated by using the methods of the market price and the alternative cost. It is shown that the total value of ecosystem products for the Three-River Headwaters Area is 198.643 billion RMB in 2012, which is 8.27 times of the GDP, and the per ha value of the ecosystem products provided by the natural ecosystems is 5093 RMB. The economic value of the agricultural products in the Three-River Headwaters Area is 32.75 billion RMB in 2012. The value of the clean water is 109.856 billion RMB. The value of the fresh air is 56.037 billion RMB. The ecosystem products play an important role in the natural resource assets for the Three-River Headwaters Area and its economic value far exceeds the value of the economic production. It is important to the establishment of the evaluation mechanism for the ecological protection and the outgoing audit system of the natural resource assets to include the value of the ecosystem products in the system of the national economic accounting and to build up a new performance evaluation mechanism based on ecosystem product accounting.

关 键 词：生态产品 清新空气 干净水源 价值 三江源区 

分 类 号：F205[经济管理—国民经济]