阜新地区花生应用降解地膜效果研究  

Effect of Covering Biodegradable Film on Peanut in Fuxin

作　　者：安颖蔚[1] 冯良山[1] 张鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院,辽宁沈阳110161

出　　处：《园艺与种苗》2016年第12期47-50,共4页Horticulture & Seed

基　　金：中央财政农业科技推广示范项目(GCNT-LN-15-2016);国家农业公益性行业专项(201503105);辽宁省青年创新人才项目(2014017);"十二五"国家科技支撑课题(2012BAD09B01)

摘　　要：[目的]探讨应用地膜覆盖在干旱半干旱地区对花生产量的影响。[方法]以覆盖普通地膜和裸地种植为对照,对国内外7种降解地膜在花生上的应用效果进行研究。[结果]T_7降解速度最快,降解效果最好,但在花生中后期保水和增温效果较差,花生产量最低。T_1、T_2表现出一定的降解效果,但花生收获时田间依然存在较多残膜,植株携带残膜较多,增温和保水效果及产量低于覆盖普通地膜。T_3开始降解时间与T_1和T_2相同,但后期降解速度较慢,花生收获时降解程度低于T_1和T_2处理,增温和保水效果与普通地膜差异不显著,但产量低于覆盖普通地膜。T_4、T_5和T_6降解效果不明显或仅在收获前出现降解效果,其保水和增温效果与覆盖普通地膜差异不显著,收获时农田残膜降解效果不优于覆盖普通地膜,花生产量与覆盖普通地膜差异不显著。[结论]在现有种植水平和种植目标下,花生降解地膜的选择标准是不降低花生产量,同时不影响翌年作物种植。[Objective] mulching in farmland. The aim was to discuss the effect of peanut yield under the treatment of plastic film plastic film and bare land, we studied on the application effect of 7 kinds of biodegradable film on peanut. [Result] In this study, the degradation rate of T7 was the fastest, and the degradation effect was the best, but the effect of water conservation and increasing temperature was poor at middle-late growing stages of plants, the yield was the lowest. T2 and T1 showed the degradation effect, there were more waste mulching plastic film in the field and plants, yield and the effect of increasing temperature and water conservation were lower than that of the common mulch film. The degradation time of T3 was the degradation degree of peanut retention of T3 was not signifi same as T2 and T1, but the degradation rate was slower at the late stage, and the was lower than of T1 and T2. The effect of increasing temperature and water cant with common plastic film, but the yield was lower than that of common plastic film. The degradation effect of T4, T5 and T6 was not obvious or only appeared before harvest, the effect of water conservation and increasing soil temperature was not significant with common plastic film. The degradation effects of T4, T5 and T6 at harvest were not better, and the yields of peanut were not significantly different from that of common plastic film. [Condasion] Through this study, under the existing conditions, the selection criteria of biodegradable film for peanut should be that： not reduce the yield of peanut, while not affect the next crop.

关 键 词：降解地膜 花生 产量 残膜污染 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]