活性炭纤维的制备及其液相吸附研究——对水溶液中有机物和银的吸附特性  

Studies on the preparation of activated carbon fibers and their adsorption from liquid phase——Adsorption characteristics of organic compounds and silver ions

作　　者：陈水挟[1] 曾汉民[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学材料科学研究所,广东广州510275

出　　处：《高科技纤维与应用》2002年第2期32-34,共3页Hi-Tech Fiber and Application

摘　　要：活性炭纤维()是种高效而又用途广泛的吸ACF 1 附材料,在环保、食品、化工等领域得到广泛的应用。目前,提高的制备得率,阐明吸附与结构的本质 ACF ACF 关系,开拓的应用新领域,仍然是人们致力研究而 ACF 又未能很好解决的问题。本论文围绕的制备及其液 ACF 相吸附性能,特别是对水中有机物的吸附性能和对银离子的还原吸附特征及其吸附机理,开展了一些基础性研究工作。论文主要包括如下部分内容: 3 的制备及其结构表征1 ACF主要采用水蒸汽活化法,并通过前处理及后期氧化改性制备了一系列。系统地研究了碳化-活化温度或时 ACF间对的孔结构和化学结构的影响,并用多种方法, ACF 包括基于低温氮吸附的-法、α DRs-法、-法等孔结构t的评价方法,-射线衍射、红外光谱以及-射线光电X X子能谱等分析技术系统地表征和比较了这些的结 ACF 构。揭示了制备的动力学规律,并提出相应的机 ACF 理。碳化-活化反应是一个对碳为一级反应的过程,该反应需要克服一定的活化能。纤维在碳化过程中形成类石墨微晶的同时,也形成了孔的雏形;而活化过程则使石墨微晶被不断蚀刻和破坏,并在已形成的孔结构的基础上使孔不断扩大。因此,控制碳化反应的最后温度,对于控制 的孔发育,具有与控制其它活化条件同等重要的作ACF 用。同时。Activated carbon fibers ( ACFs ) are unique and versatile adsorbents. They are increasingly being used in environment control and resources recovery. Today it is still the crux for the development and improvement of ACFs to increase the yield of production and to reveal theoretically and practically the essence of adsorption, especially from liquid phase.In this dissertation, the influence of preparation condition on the development of porous and chemical structure of ACFs, and the adsorption characteristics of dyes, as well as the reduction adsorption of silver ions on ACFs, have been thoroughly studied. The following three aspects have been discussed in detail.1 Preparation of ACFs and their structure characterizationA series of activated carbon fibers (ACFs) have been prepared mainly by steam activation. The influences of carbonization or activation temperature and time on the development of pore structure and surface chemical structure of ACFs have been studied. The structure of ACFs have been characterized and evaluated by means of pore determination methods based on the 77K N adsorption (including DR-αmethod, s-method, and t-method), X-ray diffusion, Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy (XPS). Some kinetic rules on carbonization and activation of ACF have been concluded, and the primary mechanism has been proposed. It was shown that the carbonization-activation of fiber is a first-order reaction for carbon with apparent activation energy of 124kJ/mol. The carbonization of fiber is the most important step in the course of which the turbostratic structure of carbon and the initial porous structure are formed. And activation process develops this initial porous structure further, at the mean time the graphite-like microcrystallites get damaged, and as a result the layer plane spacing, d002, enlarge, and average stack height of basal planes, Lc decrease.Some rules that the porous or chemical structure can be tailored by reaction temperature and time have been concluded. Generally, activ

关 键 词：结构 染料吸附 氧化还原 ACF 

分 类 号：TQ424[化学工程]