中国若干区域玉米土壤有效磷丰缺指标与适宜施磷量  

The abundance-deficiency indices of soil available P and appropriate phosphorus application rates for corn in several regions of China

作　　者：孙洪仁[1] 赵雅晴 曾红[1] 刘江扬 原大山 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学草地研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2017年第2期26-34,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目"现代牧草产业技术体系建设"(CARS-35);农业部公益性行业项目"苜蓿高效种植技术研究与示范"(201403048)

摘　　要：本文对自20世纪80年代以来我国开展的玉米土壤有效磷丰缺指标与适宜施磷量研究进行了系统总结。结果表明,30年来我国玉米土壤有效磷丰缺指标出现了明显提高;不同区域玉米土壤有效磷丰缺指标差异很大,缺磷处理相对产量90%的土壤Olsen-P含量指标变动于10~47 mg/kg之间;我国玉米土壤有效磷丰缺指标研究存在许多空白区域;我国玉米土壤缺磷较为普遍,有效磷丰缺级别集中于第2~4级,缺磷处理相对产量大多介于70%~100%之间;土壤养分丰缺指标研究的试验点数不宜过少,各试验点土壤养分含量分布不宜过于集中,丰缺指标高端和低端采用外推数据需谨慎,并应予以注明;适宜施磷量与土壤有效磷丰缺级别线性负相关,与目标产量线性正相关,与肥料当季利用率线性负相关;当磷肥当季利用率为20%、目标产量为10.5 t/hm^2时,玉米土壤有效磷丰缺级别第1~7级的适宜施磷量分别为0、42、84、126、168、210和252 kg/hm^2。In this paper, researches on abundance-deficiency index （ADI） of soil available P for corn （SAPFC） and appro- priate phosphorus fertilizer application rate （APFAR） conducted in China since the 1980s were systematically summarized. The results showed that the ADI of SAPFC in China had improved obviously in 30 years. There were considerable differences in their ADI of SAPFC in different regions, and the ADI of SAPFC for 90% relative yield （RY） of the complete nutrients treat- ment except phosphorus （TCNTEP） ranged between 10-47 mg/kg. Researches on ADI of SAPFC in China had many blank regions. Soil phosphorus deficiency for corn in China were common, and the abundance-deficiency levels of SAPFC focused on level 2 -4, and most RYs of TCNTEP were between 70% - 100%. For research on ADI of soil nutrient, the number of trial sites should not be too little, and the soil nutrient contents of trial sites should not be too centralized, and using extrapolating data for the high-end and low-end of ADI should be careful and indicated. APFAR and the abundance-deficiency level of SAPFC were linear negative correlated. APFAR and the yield goal were linear positive correlated. APFAR and the phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency in current season （PFUEICS） were linear negative correlated. When the PFUEICS was 20% and the target yield was 10. 5 t/hm2, the APFAR for the SAPFC abundance-deficiency level 1 -7 were 0, 42, 84, 126, 168, 210 and 252 kg/hm2, respectively.

关 键 词：中国 玉米 测土施肥 土壤有效磷 丰缺指标 适宜施肥量 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]