供氮水平对不同氮效率玉米物质积累及产量的影响  

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on the dry matter accumulation and yield of different N efficiency maize cultivars

作　　者：马晓君[1] 李强[1] 王兴龙[1] 豆攀 朱敏[1] 袁继超[1] 孔凡磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/四川农业大学农学院,四川成都611130

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2017年第2期63-68,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(201503127);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD04B13)

摘　　要：在3个氮水平(N 0、150、300 kg·hm^(-20)下,采用大田盆栽试验研究氮肥对不同氮效率玉米品种干物质积累、分配及产量的影响。结果表明,氮高效品种正红311各阶段干物质积累量、积累速率均显著高于氮低效品种先玉508,尤其在3个氮水平下,成熟期氮高效品种正红311单株干物质较氮低效品种先玉508分别高37.63%、43.97%、35.28%。施氮使单株干物质积累量增加,在中低氮(B2)下正红311增加幅度大于先玉508,而在高氮(B3)处理下增幅低于先玉508;而先玉508的花前干物质贡献率较正红311高9.80%,且施氮增加了氮高效品种正红311花后物质贡献率,以及氮低效品种先玉508的花前物质贡献率。氮高效品种正红311籽粒的分配比例较先玉508低了8.07%,施氮使籽粒的分配比例增加,且氮高效品种正红311增加了14.35%,氮低效品种先玉508增加了11.53%。各处理下正红311的产量显著高于先玉508的产量,且均随施氮量的增加而增加,正红311的增产幅度显著高于先玉508,尤其是在中低氮水平(B2)下,达24.53%。氮高效品种较氮低效品种具有较高的物质生产能力,在低氮下具有较高的产量优势,而氮低效品种在高氮水平下有利于产量的发挥。Pot experiment was conducted to research the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on dry matter accumulation, allocation and yield of different N efficiency maize cultivars under three nitrogen levels （ N 0, 150, 300 kg hm -2 ）. Results showed that dry matter accumulation and accumulation rate of high nitrogen efficiency cuhivar Zhenghong 311 were significantly higher than those of low nitrogen efficiency cuhivar Xianyu 508 in all stages. Under three nitrogen levels, the per plant dry matter of high nitrogen efficiency cultivar Zhenghong 311 was 37.63% , 43.97% and 35.28% , respectively, higher than that of Xianyu 508. N application increased the accumulation of dry matter, it increased more quickly in Zhenghong 311 under the low and middle nitrogen levels, but slowly under the high nitrogen level, compared with that of Xianyu 508. The contribution rate of dry matter before flowering period in Xianyu 508 was 9. 80% higher than that in Zhenghong 311. The grain distribution ratio in Zhenghong 311 was 8.07% lower than Xianyu 508. The proportion of seeds could be increased by nitrogen application. It in- creased 14. 35% and 11.53% , respectively in high nitrogen efficiency cultivar Zhenghong 311 and in low nitrogen efficiency cuhivar Xianyu 508. The yield of Zhenghong 311 were higher than Xianyu 508 in all nitrogen level and it increased with the in- crease of nitrogen application rate. It increased quickly in Zhenghong 311 under the low and middle nitrogen levels and the in- creased rate reached 24. 53%. High nitrogen efficiency cuhivar was better than low nitrogen efficiency cuhivar in material pro- duction capacity. High nitrogen efficiency cultivar was better for yield in low nitrogen level. While under the high nitrogen lev- el, low nitrogen efficiency cuhivar had higher production.

关 键 词：氮效率玉米 干物质积累 氮水平 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S143.1