不同氮肥及施用方式对水稻养分吸收特征及产量形成的影响  

Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer and fertilization patterns on nutrients uptake and yield formation of rice

作　　者：张木[1] 唐拴虎[1] 逄玉万[1] 易琼[1] 黄旭[1] 黄巧义[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/广东省养分资源循环利用与耕地保育重点实验室,广东广州510640

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2017年第2期69-75,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项"主要粮食作物一次性施肥技术研究与示范"(201303103);"三熟区耕地培肥与合理轮作制"(201503123);广东省科技计划项目"农作物健康低碳栽培与营养调控技术研究与示范"(2012A020100004);"新型肥料与高效施肥科技创新研发与服务平台建设"(2014B090904068)

摘　　要：通过田间试验研究了不同氮肥及其施用方式对水稻养分吸收及产量形成的影响。结果表明,一次性施用普通尿素、稳定尿素及缓释尿素的处理之间田面水中铵态氮浓度差别不大,施肥结束后田面水中铵态氮浓度均呈现出不断降低的趋势;分次施肥处理田面水中铵态氮浓度随追肥次数呈现出周期性的升高降低过程;一次性施用缓释尿素可以提高土壤中碱解氮及植株氮的含量,对光合速率、蒸腾速率、胞间二氧化碳浓度也均有提升作用,对水稻具有稳产作用。一次性施用缓释尿素可以促进整个生育期内水稻对养分的需求,可以促进灌浆期碳水化合物的累积,因此能达到与分次施肥相同的稳产效果。A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different ways of nitrogen application on nutrient uptake and yield of rice. The results showed that there was no significant difference in ammonia nitrogen concentration of paddy surface water among single basal application of urea, stable urea and slow-release urea, and the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in paddy surface water of the three single basal fertilization treatments showed a decreasing trend after fertilization. However, the paddy surface water ammonia nitrogen in split fertilization treatment showed a cyclical increase and reduction processes. Single basal application of slow-release urea improved soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content, rice nitrogen content, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, and then increased the yield of rice. The results showed that single basal application of slow-release urea improved or maintained normal yield as split fertilization, which was due to single basal application of slow-release urea could meet the needs of nutrients and promote carbohydrates accumulation at filling stage of rice.

关 键 词：水稻 产量 一次性施肥 缓释尿素 

分 类 号：S145.5[农业科学—肥料学] S511[农业科学—农业基础科学]