烤烟-油菜轮作体系的钾肥效应  

K fertilizer efficiency under flue-cured tobacco-rapeseed rotation system

作　　者：王家顺[1] 李志友[1] 陆引罡[2] 

机构地区：[1]安顺学院农学院,贵州安顺561000 [2]贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2017年第2期82-86,共5页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：贵州省科技厅安顺市人民政府安顺学院三方联合基金项目"烟草轮作周期内的养分循环规律及肥料统筹技术研究"[黔科合J字LKA(2012)08]

摘　　要：采用田间裂区试验研究不同钾肥用量对烤烟-油菜轮作体系中作物产量、钾素吸收量以及钾肥利用率和后效的影响。结果表明:烤烟季产量随着钾肥施用量的增加呈现先增加后平衡的趋势,以K450处理的烤烟产量最高,达到2 067.64 kg/hm^2,比不施钾处理显著增产261.07 kg/hm^2,与K375处理产量差异不显著。与油菜季不施钾处理相比,油菜当季施钾(K_2O)75 kg/hm^2增加油菜干物质量1 223.58~1 468.78 kg/hm^2,其中油菜籽增产244.84~345.85 kg/hm^2,钾素吸收量增加5.2%~8.4%,以K375处理最高;烤烟季钾肥当季利用率22.27%~29.08%,残留利用率为10.52%~12.63%,累积利用率为32.79%~40.09%,烤烟季残留在土壤中钾肥的后效与钾肥用量显著正相关。在烤烟-油菜轮作系统中,推荐烤烟季施钾肥K_2O 375 kg/hm^2,油菜季充分考虑烤烟季钾肥后效的基础上少施钾(K_2O)16.92~21.90 kg/hm^2,烤烟、油菜增产效果好。A split field experiment was carried out to study the effects of different K fertilizer application rates on crop yield, K uptake, K recovery efficiency and residual efficiency under annual flue-cured tobacco - rapeseed rotation. Tile resuhs showed that with the increase of the amount of potassium fertilizer, the yield of flue-cured tobacco showed a trend of increasing firstly and then being steady, and the highest yield of flue-cured tobacco was occurred at K450, which was 2 067.64 kg/hm2 , and it was 261.07 kg/hm2more than that with no potassium treatment, and there was no significant difference with K375 treat- ment. Compared with the treatment of no potassium fertilizer in rape season, the content of rape dry matter was increased by 1 223.58 - 1 468.78 kg/hm2 , the rape yield 244. 84 - 345.85 kg/hm2and potassium element absorption quantity increased by 5.2% -8.4% when the season was applied with KzO 75 kg/hm2potassium, and it was the highest with K37s treatment. The utilization rate of potassium fertilizer was 22. 27% - 29.08% , the residue utilization rate was 10.52% - 12.63% , and the cumulative utilization rate was 32. 79% -40. 09%. The residual efficiency and potassium fertilizer applied amount was signifi- cantly positive related. In the flue-cured tobacco - rapeseed rotation system, the optimal application of potassium fertilizer was K20 375 kg/hm2at flue-cured tobacco, and 16. 92 -21.90 kg/hm2 less at rape season.

关 键 词：烤烟-油菜轮作 钾肥利用率 钾肥后效 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业] S565.4[农业科学—作物学]