猪场处理废水施用对机插水稻产量形成和氮素利用的影响  

Study on the utilization of large-scale piggery slurry in machine-transplanted rice

作　　者：田怀凤 徐田 高威 陶晓婷 黄丽芬 庄恒扬 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点,粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2017年第2期120-125,140,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31571596);江苏省科技支撑计划(BE2012433)

摘　　要：为研究规模化猪场处理废水在机插水稻的施用技术,在大田条件下,以迟熟中粳水稻品种淮稻5号为材料,采用模拟机插秧移栽方式,设计不同施肥处理,研究施用猪场废水对机插水稻产量形成和氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明,在分蘖期配施相同量尿素条件下,拔节期总茎蘖数和有效茎蘖数与基施废水用量关系不密切,抽穗期、成熟期叶片SPAD值、干物质积累量、植株含氮量和吸氮量总体上随穗期废水施用量增加而提高,4个指标皆表现为高量废水配施尿素处理与常规施肥处理无显著差异,但显著高于不配施尿素的高量废水处理。废水配施尿素各处理氮素收获指数变化范围为0.64~0.69,除穗期施用低量废水处理外,其它处理显著高于常规施肥处理。各废水配施尿素处理氮素籽粒生产效率变化范围为61.37~66.94 kg/kg,以高量废水配施尿素处理最低。大多数废水与尿素配施处理能够获得与常规施肥持平或较高的产量,以水稻生长季施用废水210 m3/hm^2分蘖期配施尿素187.5 kg/hm^2处理产量最高,比常规施肥处理增加10.84%。A field experiment was conducted to study application technique of pig slurry to machine-transplanted rice. In the experiment, 12 treatments were designed, including 9 combinations of 3-rated basal application and 3-rated earring dressing of the slurry, with each combination adding 187.5 kg/hm2 urea at tillering stage, and the other three treatments were no fer- tilization （ CK）, conventional fertilization （CF） and high-rated pig slurry with no urea application at tillering stage （M）.The SAPD values of the leaves, nitrogen uptake and utilization and yield were observed. The results indicated that both total and effective tiller numbers were not influenced by basal slurry rates for all the slurry and urea combined treatments, while slun＇y and urea combined application increased total and effective tillers compared with the treatment of sole high-rated slurry. At heading and maturing stages, the SPAD values, dry matter accumulation, nitrogen concentration and uptake were in- creased with the increasing amount of top dressed slurry for all the treatments of slurry combined with urea. Those four indexes for the treatment of high rate slurry combined with urea were not significantly higher than that of CF, but significantly higher than that of the sole high rate slurry treatment （ M）. Nitrogen harvest index for the treatments of slurry combined with urea ranged from 0. 64 to 0. 69, and the treatment of high rate slurry combined with urea had the highest index. Nitrogen grain pro- duction efficiency for the treatments of slurry combined with urea ranged from 61.37 to 66. 94 kg/kg, and the treatment of high rate slurry combined with urea had the lowest index. Most of the treatments of slurry combined with urea achieved similar with or higher yields than CF, the treatment of 210 m3/hm2 slun＇y plus 187.5 kg/hm2 urea during growing season of rice ob- tained 10. 84% higher yield than CF.

关 键 词：猪场废水 机插水稻 产量 氮素吸收与利用 

分 类 号：S141[农业科学—肥料学] S511[农业科学—农业基础科学]