国民经济三大部类结构演化规律——马克思的社会再生产理论继承与创新  

The Evolution Law of the Structure of the Three Departments of National Economy——Inheritance and Innovation of Marx's Theory of Social Reproduction

作　　者：郑志国[1] 

机构地区：[1]中共广东省委党校中国特色社会主义研究所

出　　处：《马克思主义研究》2017年第2期44-61,共18页Studies on Marxism

摘　　要：现代国民经济由三大部类构成:生产资料及其生产部门为第一部类,消费资料及其生产部门为第二部类,非物质资料及其生产部门为第三部类。这种部类结构是由人类对社会产品的需要和生产力水平决定的。运用中国、美国、英国、法国等国家的统计资料对三大部类结构演化态势分析表明:第一部类比重在工业化前期和中期逐步上升,在工业化后期和后工业化时期逐步下降;第二部类比重自近代以来随国民经济发展而逐步下降;第三部类比重随国民经济发展而逐步上升,最终超过第一、第二部类比重之和;三大部类比重在工业化进程中逐步收敛,到工业化中后期趋近和交汇,然后出现发散。这种规律性对中国经济结构调整具有重要启示:坚持三大部类协调均衡发展;加快第一部类转型升级,促进生产资料更新换代;按照消费需求变化调整和优化第二部类内部结构;稳步发展第三部类。Modern national economy consists of three major departments:the first department is the means of production and its production,the second is means of consumption and its production,the third is non-material means and its production.This structure is determined by human needs of social products and level productivity.This paper analyzes the evolution in the structure of the three departments by use of statistical data of China,the United States,Britain,and France.Results show that the proportion of the first department gradually increased in the early and middle stages of industrialization,and gradually declined in the late and post-industrial era.The proportion of the second department gradually declined with the development of modern national economies.The proportion of the third department has gradually increased and eventually exceeded that of the first and second department.The statistical curves that represent the proportions of the three departments have gradually converged in the process of industrialization,approached and intersected with each other in the middle and late industrialization,and then appeared to diverge.This tendency has important implications to the adjustment of economic restructure in China.We should adhere to coordinated and balanced development of the three departments,speed up the transformation and upgrading of the first department with upgraded of means of production,adjust and optimize the internal structure of the second department according to changes in consumer demands,and steadily develop the third department.

关 键 词：社会再生产 国民经济 三大部类 经济结构 

分 类 号：F091.91[经济管理—政治经济学]