基于能值分析的中国潮汐能发电可持续性研究——以浙江省江厦潮汐试验电站为例  

Emergy-based analysis of sustainability of tidal power plant in China:A case study of the Jiangxia tidal power

作　　者：唐守娟 张力小[1] 庞明月[1] 郝岩[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院水环境模拟国家重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2017年第4期1060-1066,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41371521);国家基金委创新研究群体科学基金项目(51421065)资助

摘　　要：虽然中国拥有丰富的潮汐资源,但是潮汐发电产业在很大程度上落后于水力、光伏、风力和生物质直燃等可再生能源发电产业。本文运用能值分析法,选取中国装机容量最大的浙江省江厦潮汐试验电站(4.1 MW)为案例,对其建设与运行的可持续性进行分析,并与其他可再生能源发电系统的相关指标进行平行对比。结果表明:2014年该发电系统投入的能值总量为5.08×1019sej,电力产出为2.61×1013J,其中可更新资源投入比例为17.77%,能值转换率为1.95×106sej·J^(-1);环境负载率(ELR)和能值可持续性指标(ESI)分别为4.63和0.12,可持续性表现较差;究其原因,潮汐能是一种更为分散的、低品质能量,其捕获、收集和品质提升需要投入较多的外部资源。研究结果也表明,在现有开发模式下,不鼓励潮汐能发电的大规模扩张与发展,强化技术研发、更新开发模式,将是未来实现高效、可持续利用丰富潮汐资源的必由之路。Although endowed with abundant tidal resource, China’s tidal power generation industry has been largely lagging compared with other renewable energy alternatives such as small hydropower, photovoltaic power, wind power and biomass power. To probe the reasons behind this stagnancy, an emergy evaluation was conducted for the 4.1 MW Jiangxia Tidal Power Station （JTPS）, the largest tidal power station in China and the fourth in the world. The evaluation results indicate that the total emergy use of this production system was 5.08×1019 sej to generate 2.61×1013 J of electricity in 2014, of which renewable resources accounted for 17.77%. Thus, the transformity of electricity produced by this plant is 1.95×106 sej·J-1. The environmental loading ratio （ELR） and the emergy sustainability index （ESI） of the JTPS were 4.63 and 0.12 respectively, exhibiting a poorer environmental performance than other renewable energy power plants except photovoltaic power. These results reveal that tidal energy is a kind of lower quality and more decentralized energy and its current exploitation presents low environmental competitiveness. In such context, the development of tidal power in China should proceed with cautions and avoid largescale blind development. Nevertheless, R＆D is needed to promote the technology development and ultimately utilize abundant tidal resource in an efficient and sustainable way.

关 键 词：潮汐发电 可再生能源 能值分析 可持续性 

分 类 号：P743[天文地球—海洋科学]