间套作控制作物病害的机理研究进展  

Advances in the mechanism of crop disease control by intercropping

作　　者：朱锦惠 董坤[2] 杨智仙[3] 董艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,昆明650201 [2]云南农业大学食品科技学院,昆明650201 [3]云南大学,昆明650091

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2017年第4期1117-1126,共10页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31560586;31360507;31460551和31210103906);云南省科技计划重点项目(2015FA022)资助

摘　　要：合理间套作是抑制植物病害流行的天然屏障,利用间套作持续控制作物病害是国内外近年来的研究热点。目前,有关间套作的研究主要集中在田间作物搭配模式、光热和养分资源高效利用、病害控制效果及产量优势等方面。然而,有关间套作控病机理尚缺乏系统总结。本文首先综述了间套作对气传病害和土传病害的控制效果;其次,从寄主作物抗性、病原菌和环境(土壤及田间小气候)三方面阐述间套作控制病害的机理,主要为:(1)合理间套作促进养分吸收利用,改善寄主作物的生理生化特性,进而提高寄主作物的抗病性;(2)间套作一方面增加地上部作物多样性,形成物理屏障阻挡病原菌的传播,另一方面增加地下部根系分泌物的多样性,对病原菌进行化感抑制,降低病原菌的存活与侵染;(3)间套作改变田间小气候(田间湿度、温度和通风等)及土壤微生态环境(微生物区系、群落结构和土壤酶活性)而增强间套作的控病效果。最后,讨论了当前间套作与病害控制研究方法的局限性,并展望了间套作控制病害的未来研究方向。Reasonable intercropping is a natural barrier against plant disease epidemic. In recent years, using intereropping to control crop diseases has risen to become one of the most important issues in agriculture. Previous studies have mainly focused on field crop collocation patterns, effi- cient utilization of light, heat and nutrient resources, effects of disease control, and yield advan- tage. So far, the mechanism of disease control has been rarely summarized systematically. In this review, the control effect of intercropping on air-borne and soil-borne diseases were summarized first and then the mechanism of intercropping control of diseases, including host crop resistance, pathogens and environment （such as soil condition and canopy microclimate） were demonstrated. The mechanisms of disease suppression mainly include ： （ 1 ） Nutrient absorption and utilization are promoted and the physiology and biochemistry characteristics of host crops are improved, and thus the resistance of crops to pathogens is increased by reasonable intereropping. （2） On one hand, the diversity of aboveground crops are increased by intercropping and thus physical barrier is formed to block pathogen spread ; on the other hand, the increased diversity of root exudates in intercropping systems directly allelopathically inhibit the growth of pathogens and reduce their survival and infection further. （3） The field mieroclimates （such as temperature, moisture and ventilation conditions） and the soil micro-ecological environment （such as rhizosphere microflo- ra, community structure and diversity as well as soil enzyme activities） are improved to enhance the disease control effect by intercropping. Finally, the limitations of research methods of crop disease control in intercropping systems were discussed and some research prospects in the future were also put forward.

关 键 词：间套作 病害控射 寄主抗性 田间小气候 根际微生物 根系分泌物 

分 类 号：S474[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]