新疆某三甲医院急性中毒住院患者特点分析：10年回顾  

Epidemiological investigation of acute poisoning inpatients in a tertiary hospital in Xinjiang： a retrospective analysis of 10 years

作　　者：赫继梅[1] 徐瑾媛[2] 于秋敏[3] 武礼琴[4] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学医学院第一附属医院护理部,新疆石河子832008 [2]石河子大学医学院第一附属医院急诊科,新疆石河子832008 [3]石河子大学医学院第一附属医院内分泌科,新疆石河子832008 [4]石河子大学医学院第一附属医院人力资源部,新疆石河子832008

出　　处：《中华急诊医学杂志》2017年第4期396-400,共5页Chinese Journal of Emergency Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析新疆某三甲医院2006—2015年急性中毒住院患者的流行病学特点，为提高急性中毒救治提供依据。方法回顾性横断面调查2006～2015年新疆某医院急性中毒住院患者的资料，对患者年龄、性别、民族、职业、地域、中毒月份、中毒谱、预后、治疗费用等信息进行分析。采用单因素logitie方法研究急性中毒救治费用与年龄、性别、中毒类型、中毒月份、职业的相关性。结果1083例急性中毒患者中气体中毒624例（57．6％）、农药中毒213例（19．7％）、药物中毒136例（12．6％）、食物中毒74例（6．8％）、化学物质中毒及其他36例（3．3％）；男女比例为0．94：1；急性中毒多发于31～45岁年龄段；中毒类型主要是2011—2015年共759例（70．1％），较2006～2010年共324例（29．9％）明显增多（P〈0．05）；来自不同地区的急性中毒住院患者差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05），其中以石河子市区最多，其次是周边团场和沙玛两县，且中毒类型并不一致；急性中毒患者总治愈率为59．0％，好转率33．6％，病死率为2．6％；急性中毒救治费的相关性分析提示年龄越大治疗费用越高，男性患者治疗费用高于女性患者，中毒类型中以气体中毒之费用最高，其后依次是农药中毒、药物中毒、食物中毒、其他中毒。结论石河子市急性中毒谱及其发生年龄、时间、地域、人群、预后等有自身特点；急诊科医护人员应该重点加强一氧化碳中毒、有机磷中毒、肉毒中毒、药物中毒、百草枯中毒等相关中毒的急救培训。Objective To improve the clinical prognosis of patients by reviewing ten years epidemiology data of acute poisoning inpatients. Methods The epidemiology data of the acute poisoning inpatients from 2006-2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The indexes including age, gender, nationality, geographical distribution, substance of poison, seasons, diagnosis and fee-for-service were collected. Results There were 1 083 patients with acute poisoning in total, 624 cases （57.6%） for gas poisoning, 213 cases （ 19. 7% ） for pesticide poisoning, 136 cases （ 12. 6% ） for drug poisoning, 74 cases （6. 8% ） for food poisoning and 36 cases for others. The ration of male to female was O. 94： 1. The age of 31 to 45 range accounted for the highest proportion. The incidence of poisoning in 2011-2015 was significantly higher than that in 2006-2010 （P 〈 0. 05 ） . The geographical distribution was also significantly different （P 〈 0. 05 ）, most of the cases were in Shihezi city, then were Manasi and Sawan counties. Among the 1 083 patients, 59% cases were cured, 33.6% cases were improved after treatment, and the mortality rate was 2. 6%. Fee- for-service was also significantly increased in the older patients or males, and substance of poisoning dependent. The highest treatment cost was carbon monoxide poisoning, then were pesticide, drugs and food.Conclusions The common causes of poisoning in Shihezi city were carbon monoxide, organophosphorus pesticide, botulism and drugs, more emergency medical service should prevent poisoning and treat these patients.

关 键 词：急性中毒 住院患者 流行病学特点 

分 类 号：R595[医药卫生—内科学]