玉米主要植株性状的杂种优势位点分析  

Identification of Heterotic Loci for Plant Traits Using Chromosomal Segment Substitution Lines Test Population in Maize

作　　者：刘晓阳[1] 卫晓轶[1,2] 陈浩[1] 刘坤[1] 谢惠玲[1] 郭战勇[1] 付志远[1] 李卫华[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院/省部共建小麦玉米作物学国家重点实验室,郑州450002 [2]河南省新乡市农业科学院,河南新乡453000

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2017年第7期1179-1188,共10页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31271732;31201216);河南省科技攻关项目(152102110062)

摘　　要：【目的】鉴定玉米株高等植株性状的杂种优势位点为优良玉米新品种选育提供重要的理论依据。【方法】利用一套以综3为供体,许178为受体的单片段代换系群体及其与轮回亲本许178的测交群体,于2014年在河南浚县、新乡、长葛3个试点进行田间鉴定,完全随机区组设计,3次重复,散粉后对株高、穗位高、叶片数进行测定。利用Duncan’s多重比较和t测验分别对玉米株高、穗位高和叶片数进行QTL分析和杂种优势位点分析。【结果】单片段代换系的测交群体在主要植株性状上均表现出一定的杂种优势,其中,株高在浚县、新乡和许昌点的中亲优势值分别为4.74%、3.61%和1.09%,穗位高的中亲优势值分别为6.06%、7.77%和7.51%,叶片数的中亲优势相对较小。利用SSSL群体在3个环境中定位了9个株高的QTL、10个穗位高的QTL、5个叶片数的QTL。利用测交群体定位了6个株高的杂种优势位点,其中3个HL同时被检测到;穗位高检测到8个杂种优势位点,有1个HL被同时检测到;叶片数定位了5个杂种优势位点,有1个HL被同时检测到。利用SSSL及其测交群体分别检测到3个植株性状的24个QTL和19个HL,在5个单片段代换系同时检测到同一性状的QTL和HL。【结论】株高、穗位高和叶片数的杂种优势在单片段代换系测交群体中呈:株高>穗位高>叶片数。定位到的QTL和HL中的一些在不同环境间存在保守性,且具有较大贡献率,这些主效QTL/HL所在的染色体区域可能存在调控所对应性状的主要基因,可作为进一步研究的依据。而且,少数染色体片段同时调控多个性状的杂种优势,表明所测性状间存在相关性。此外,定位到的株高、穗位高多数HL表现出超显性效应,而多数总叶片数相关的HL显示出显性效应,表明所测性状杂种优势主要来源于位点间的超显性效应。所测的3个性状间存在相关性,3个性状间平衡是遗传改良的重�[Objective] Plant characters including plant height, ear height, etc., are important traits that can decide planting density and grain yield in field. They also have high heterosis, and used as a model to dissect the genetic basis of heterosis in studies, so identifying the heterotic loci for plant characters can provide useful information for selecting elite commercial maize hybrids. [ Method ] A set of single segment substitution lines （SSSLs） population, which was constructed using the inbred line Xv 178 as the receptor parent and the inbred line Zong 3 as the donor parent. The test populations were crossed with the receptor parent Xv178, and were used as the material in this study. The populations were evaluated in the field by following three replicates in randomized complete blocks carried out at Xunxian, Xinxiang and Xuchang locations in Henan province in 2014. Ten plants of each material were selected for measuring plant height, ear height, leaf number after the pollen shedding in the field. The heterotic loci for plant characters were identified through significant analysis comparing to each test hybrid and its mid-parent value by mean of t test. [Result] The three traits of plant characters of SSSL test population all had some heterosis, the mid-parent heterosis data of plant height were 4.74%, 3.61% and 1.09% in the Xunxian, Xinxiang and Xuchang locations, respectively, the mid-parent heterosis values of ear height were 6.06%, 7.77% and 7.51%, and leaf number had a little heterosis. A total of 9 QTL for plant height, 10 QTL for ear height, 5 QTL for leaf number were identified in the SSSL population in three environments. In the test population, 6 heterotic loci for plant height were identified, and 3 heterotic loci were detected in three environments simultaneously. For ear height, 8 heterotic loci were detected, including 1 heterotic locus identified in three locations simultaneously. There were 5 heterotic loci detected for leaf number, and 1 heterotic locus was identified in three environment

关 键 词：玉米 农艺性状 SSSL测交群体 杂种优势位点 定位 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]