中草药预混料对罗非鱼生长性能和免疫抗病力的影响  

Effects of herbal premix on the growth performance and immune function of tilapia(Oreochromis spp.)

作　　者：巩华[1] 刘春花[1] 赵长臣[1] 孙承文[1] 黄志斌[1] 陆文雄 龚钜财 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所,广东广州510380 [2]饶平东泽生物科技有限公司,广东潮州515700

出　　处：《中国渔业质量与标准》2017年第2期43-49,共7页Chinese Fishery Quality and Standards

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD25B02);广东省应用型科技研发专项资金项目(2016B020234003)

摘　　要：为探究复方中草药预混料在罗非鱼养殖上的生物学功效和经济效益,分别按0.50和5.00 g/kg的剂量添加配成实验饲料,在实验室内饲喂实验鱼3周,然后观察中草药预混料对罗非鱼(Oreochromis spp.)的生长、代谢及抗病力的影响;按0.25 g/kg投喂量在室外600 m^2水泥池中进行两次120 d的养殖实验,每20天检查鱼体重、存活率等,并作成本效益分析。结果显示,与对照组相比,投喂中草药预混料的罗非鱼生长性能差异极显著(P<0.01);血液指标中,血清尿素氮、肌酐略有升高,谷草转氨酶、血清总蛋白、谷氨酰胺合成酶基本保持原有水平,谷丙转氨酶下降,各组罗非鱼血液指标变化差异均不显著(P>0.05),显示该组方的安全性较高。药物有效率实验显示,使用0.50 g/kg中草药预混料对罗非鱼无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)感染有极显著(P<0.01)的治疗作用。室外养殖全过程使用剂量为0.25 g/kg,两次实验的存活率分别提高4.6%和6.5%,增产8.8%和13%,600 m^2实验塘产量比对照塘增产93.7kg,用药费用减少120元,效益比率为1∶11。结果表明,本实验使用的中草药预混料能够有效促进罗非鱼生长,对代谢机能无明显影响,并能够有效地提高免疫保护率,产生良好生产效益。Abstract：In order to investigate the biological effects and economic benefits of Chinese herbal premix in tilapia cul- ture, herbal premix doses of 0.50 and 5.00 g/kg were added respectively into the experimental diets to feed fish in laboratory experiments for 3 weeks. Then the effects of traditional Chinese medicine premix on tilapia （ Oreochromis spp. ） in terms of growth, metabolism and disease resistance were observed; breeding test for 120 d were carried out twice in 600 m2 cement pond outdoors, and fish weight, and survival rate were checked every 20 d, and then cost benefit analysis was valued. The results showed that tilapia had significant difference in growth performance （P 〈 0.01 ） after feeding premix when compared to the control group, and these blood indexes, such as serum urea nitro- gen, and creatinine increased slightly; aspartate aminotransferase, serum total protein glutamine synthetase main- tained the original level; alanine aminotransferase decreased. The difference in changes of all the blood indexes of each group of tilapia were not significant （P 〉 0.05 ） after premix feeding, which showed the premix was highly safe. The prescription drug efficiency experiment results showed that after using the dose of 0.50 g/kg, the tilapia infection against Streptococcus agalactiae had significant therapeutic effects（P 〈0.01 ）. And the outdoors breeding experiment with the dose of 0.25 g/kg was carried out twice. The survival rate of outdoor experiment increased by 4.6% and 6. 5%, and the yield increased by 8.8% and 13% respectively; the average yield in the 600 m2 experiment pond was increased by 93.7 kg, drug costs reduced by 120 yuan, and profit ratio was 1： 11. These results showed that the Chi- nese herbal premix used in this experiment can promote the growth of tilapia effectively, but had no obvious effect on metabolism, and can effectively improve the immune protection rate, and generate good productivity effect.

关 键 词：罗非鱼 中草药 生长 免疫调节 成本-效益分析 

分 类 号：S965.125[农业科学—水产养殖]