三义寨灌区主要作物需水量变化趋势分析  

Trend Analysis of Water Requirements of Main Crops in Sanyizhai Irrigation Area

作　　者：高志永[1] 冯峰[2,3] 杨毅[2] 

机构地区：[1]杨凌职业技术学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]黄河水利职业技术学院小流域水利研究中心,河南开封475004 [3]清华大学水利系,北京100084

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2017年第3期477-486,共10页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：河南省2014年水利科技攻关项目(GG20413);国家自然科学基金-河南省人才培养联合基金(U1304503);开封市2016年科技攻关项目(1602019)~~

摘　　要：探究作物需水量及其变化趋势,为制定灌区灌溉制度、区域水资源规划和管理提供依据。基于三义寨灌区2000―2014年逐日气象数据,根据FAO推荐的Penman-Monteith公式计算小麦、玉米和棉花的需水量(ETc),采用TFPW-MK法研究3种作物ETc变化特征,借助通径分析法探讨作物ETc变化成因,并利用R/S方法预测作物未来ETc变化趋势。结果表明:小麦、玉米和棉花全生育期ETc存在显著性差异,分别为358.47、246.18和438.97mm,小麦抽穗期、玉米灌浆成熟期、棉花花铃期ETc显著增加,分别占各自全生育期的31.24%、37.06%和51.18%;小麦全生育期ETc以2.86mm/a显著降低,玉米和棉花全生育期以ETc2.39mm/a和4.33 mm/a降低,小麦成熟期、玉米拔节期和棉花现蕾期以0.14 mm/a、0.38 mm/a和0.19mm/a增加,3种作物的ETc在其他生育期均降低;小麦、玉米和棉花ETc最主要影响因子为风速、日照时数和风速;在未来一段时间,小麦全生育期ETc为增加趋势,玉米和棉花全生育期ETc为降低趋势,小麦分蘖和拔节期、玉米抽雄期及棉花播种、现蕾和吐絮期ETc变化趋势与过去相反,三者其他生育期ETc与过去变化趋势保持一致。To investigate water requirement of main crops and its trend in Sanyizhai irrigation area,and provid basis for scheduled irrigation,management in water resources.Based on the daily meteorological data from 2000 to 2014 in Sanyizhai irrigation area,the water requirement of wheat,maize and cotton at different growth periods were calculated by using FAO Penman-Monteith model and crop coefficient.Trend-free pre-whitening Mann-Kendall was used to analyze trend of three crops.Path analysis method was introduced to explore the causes of water requirement change.Then rescaled range analysis was applied to forecast the future trends of crop water requirement.of 358.47,246.18 and 438.97 mm respectively in wheat,maize and cotton had significant difference during the whole growing period （P＜0.05）,of heading period of wheat,filling ripening of maize and blooming of cotton significantly increased （P＜0.05）,accounting for 31.24％,37.06％ and 51.18％ of the total growth period respectively.The of wheat,maize and cotton exhibit decreased trend with significant declines at a rate of 2.86 mm/a（P＜0.05）in wheat,maize declined at a rate of 2.39 mm/a and cotton at a rate of 4.33 mm/a of ripening of wheat,Jointing of maize and squaring of cotton increased by 0.14 mm/a,0.38 mm/a and 0.19 mm/a respectively,of three kind of crops decreased at other growing stage.The main influencing factors of wheat,maize and cotton were wind speed,sunshine hours and wind speed.At the stage of development,the of wheat had an increasing trend during the whole stage while of maize and cotton showed a decreasing trend at all stages.of wheat in tillering and jointing stage,of maize in tasseling stage and of cotton in sowing,squaring and bloom opening stage were on contrary to the past,of crops in other growth period would keep the same trend.

关 键 词：作物需水量 TFPW-MK法 通径分析法 R/S法 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]